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infos final > The internet > Flashcards

The internet Flashcards

1
Q

While not all computer networks use internet technologies these das, most do. So, we could also call this topic

A

Networking

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2
Q

this exists when a device is connected to another device, if you r PC/MAC can ‘connect’ to another device you can pull up this courses home page, it is part of a_____

A

Computer network

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3
Q

________, connecting many private, business, academic, and government computers worldwide into an infrastructure upon which many services are delivered.

A

Network of networks

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4
Q

Millions of smaller digital networks linking a wide-range of intelligent devices (nodes)

A

the internet

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5
Q

Organizational networks connect to the internet through an _________ like Verizon, AT&T, Comcast, cogent

A

ISP (internet service provider)

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6
Q

Different portions owned by different entities

A

distributed ownership

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7
Q

computers communicating with each other via the internet need instruction set/rules that standardize communications

A

protocols

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8
Q

agreed upon set of rules or conventions governing communication among internet nodes

A

protocols

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9
Q

protocols are _______ agreed-up rules for doing something, they can be “codified” into software that is instaled on communication devices, such as your browser

A

protocols

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10
Q

the univesal use of protocols _____ and __enables the flow of data on the internet. They are commonly named together:

A

TCP, IP, TCP/IP

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11
Q

the internet has its own _____
- the protocol stack shown in this image

A

IT stack

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12
Q

How does protocol stack enable data communications?

A

ability to move data between different nodes on the internet. Higher levels rely on the proper function of the lower levels

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13
Q

to enable the client and server to communication with each other
what data is determined by the needs of the server

A

application

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14
Q

ensuring the data gets through. Interfacing the application with the network

A

transport

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15
Q

outing data through the pipes to get to its destination

A

NETWORK

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16
Q

the physical pipes are :

A

data link
physical

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17
Q

what is needed to enable a device to take part in a network?

A

a physical connection, the ability to transmit some type of physical signal that has an agreeed upon meaning

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18
Q

the link layer is responsible for ________

A

the movement of individual bits from one node to the next

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19
Q

How are the bits from one node to the next moved?

A

there must be a phhysical link between nodes to transfer electrical signals
there must be some device to create/recieve these signals

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20
Q

transmission medium can be:

A

Satellite, fiberoptic, ethernet cable

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21
Q

this layer is happy to send/ receive 1,0s- it does not care who asks it to do so

A

transmission medium

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22
Q

to participate, devices need a unique

A

hardware address

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23
Q

_____ addresses are physically attahed to a hardware device

A

Media Access Control (MAC)

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24
Q

responsible for delivering packets from the source host to the destination host by looking at the IP addresses in the packet headers

A

network (internet) layer

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25
Q

what are the main functions of the network layer

A

addressing and routing

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26
Q

IP protocol is a set of rules for

A

defining the format of IP data packets
- routing and adressing
- interacting with the underlying data link/ physical laye rto move IP data packets

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27
Q

ip protocol define sthe components of

A

data packets

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28
Q

what holds a lot of additional info to help with moving data?

A

ip data packet

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29
Q

what is needed to move IP data packets

A

interenet addressing system

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30
Q

Instead of a physical address, the internet has a system of

A

software addresses

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31
Q

software address is also known as an

A

IP address

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32
Q

to create an IP address it needs to be ____ numbers separated by periods and represented by ____ bits

A

4, 8

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33
Q

what is a major problem in IPv4?

A

exhaustion of IPv4 addresses

34
Q

routing of IP data packets (deciding which path to take to send an IP data packet toward the destination software address) is done via special computers called

A

routers

35
Q

Routers on the internet have a ______, and communicate with other routers and computers using the internet protocol(ip)

A

public ip address

36
Q

the IP protocol also defines ______ on the internet from any origin to any destination

A

rules for routing packets

37
Q

routers do not _______ information on how to contact all points on the internet

A

posses perfect end-to-end

38
Q

a_____ network design refers to the possibility of many alternate paths to route communication

A

fault-tolerant

39
Q

a common transport layer protocol for the internet is the

A

TCP (transmision control protocol)

40
Q

the focus of TCP is _____ communication

A

host-to-host

41
Q

bytes that need to be sent between the client and server are grouped into _____, which are then given to the IP layer (network layer) for transmission to the destination

A

segments

42
Q

TCP program breaks application data into segments. Segmenets are numbered. the stream of segments are then passed to a local IP program to be further packaged into IP data packets

A

Source host

43
Q

TCP program recieves incoming IP data packets from local IP program, resemebles them into correct order and presents exactly what was sent to the waiting appliction

A

destination host

44
Q

Source TCP and Destination TCP use ____ to verify what exactly what was sent was also recieved

A

Acknowledgements

45
Q

TCP also manages the _____ of the message interchange

A

reliability

46
Q

the main focus of the application layer is

A

session, aka session layer

47
Q

what are e-mail, oice over, instant messaging examples of

A

services applications

48
Q

interactive service supported by a global network of information servers that are connected to the internet

A

the world wide web

49
Q

the WWW refers to the ____, whereas “the internet” refers to the underlying ____

A

content, infrastructure

50
Q

resources on the web are identified by their:

A

URL (uniform,resource locator)

51
Q

this includes the exact location of the resource on the web, the protocol necessary to access it, and, if necessary, more specific indentifiers

A

url

52
Q

what part http://www.example.com:80/path/to/myfile.html?key1=val1&key2=val2#somewhereinthedoc
is the protocol

A

http

53
Q

what part of http://www.example.com:80/path/to/myfile.html?key1=val1&key2=val2#somewhereinthedoc
is the domain name

A

www.example.com

54
Q

which part of http://www.example.com:80/path/to/myfile.html?key1=val1&key2=val2#somewhereinthedoc
is the port

A

80, this is a well known port number and can be omitted when contacting a web server if you specify protocol

55
Q

which part of http://www.example.com:80/path/to/myfile.html?key1=val1&key2=val2#somewhereinthedoc
is the path to the file?

A

/path/to/myfile.html
this indicates a specific resource on the server

56
Q

which part of http://www.example.com:80/path/to/myfile.html?key1=val1&key2=val2#somewhereinthedoc

is the parameters

A

?key1=val1&key2=val2, further instructions to the web server

57
Q

what part of http://www.example.com:80/path/to/myfile.html?key1=val1&key2=val2#somewhereinthedoc
is the anchor

A

somewhereinthedoc, a bookmark inside the resource to jump to

58
Q

break down the domain name : www.gatech.edu

A

www- host, gatech- second-level domain, edu-top-level domain

59
Q

fulfilling a specific function or providing access to a specific type of resources. By far most common is WWW

A

host

60
Q

maps ‘readable’ domain names to difficult to remember and understand IP addresses that computer and network equipment use

A

the DNS

61
Q

what does DNS stand for

A

Domain Name system

62
Q

this protocol is used for exchanigng files via the internet

A

HTTPS

63
Q

what does HTTPS stand for

A

HyperText, Transfer, protocol, s= encrypted

64
Q

www communications use the _____-

A

HTTP

65
Q

this is a set of rules for transferring files such as texts, images, sound, or videos, between a server and client over the internet

A

HTTP

66
Q

What are two other protocols

A

FTP, POP

67
Q

what is FTP

A

used for filed sharing

68
Q

what is POP

A

popular procotol for transffering email messages

69
Q

what is an intenret service provider (isp)

A

an organization or firm that provides access to the internet

70
Q

what is hypertext transfer protocol

A

application transfer protocol that alllows web browsers and web servers to communicate with eachother

71
Q

What is secure sockets layer (SSL)

A

security standard that creates an encrypted link between a web server and a browser.

72
Q

What is load balancing

A

distributing a computing or networkinng workload across multiple systems to avoid congestion and slow performance

73
Q

What is fault tolerance

A

the ability of a system to continue operation even if a component fails

74
Q

What is a web hosting serbvices

A

a firm that provides hardware and services to run the website of others

75
Q

Wha tis ICANN (internet corporation for assigning names and numbers)

A

nonprofit organization responsbile for managing the internets domain and numbering systems

76
Q

What is a ccTLDs

A

Two character country code top-level domains

77
Q

What is cybersquatting?

A

Aquiring a domain that refers to a firm, individual, product, or trademark with the goal of exploiting it for financial gain.

78
Q

What is hypertext markup language

A

language used to compose web pages

79
Q

what is IP address

A

value used to indentify a device that is connected to the internet

80
Q

What is networking translation (NAT)

A

technique used to conserve IP addresses by mapping devices on a private network to a single internet-connected device that acts on their behalf

81
Q

what is domain name. services?

A

internet directory service that allows devices and services to be named and discoverable

infos final (7 decks)

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