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Software Flashcards

1
Q

What does digital infrastructure consist of?

A

distributed computing and software/ the internet/ cloud computing/ blockchain and web3

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2
Q

What is computer systems in different locations communicate and collaborate to complete a task?

A

distributed computing and software

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3
Q

the infrastrucutre behind modern computer networks

A

the internet

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4
Q

emergiing computer architectural model/// delivery of different services thorugh the internet

A

cloud copmuting

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5
Q

emerging technology enabling the next version of the world wide web

A

blockchain and web3

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6
Q

A form of computing where systems in different locations communicate and collaborate to complete a task
example is the world wide web

A

distributed computing

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7
Q

the architecture behind most distributed computing

A

client-server system

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8
Q

client-server model as applied to an internet-based application

A

web service

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9
Q

programs that request something, your web browser

A

clients

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10
Q

programs that deliver/ serve something to satisfy a request

A

servers

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11
Q

___ of this system, code need to be diviided between the client software and server software

A

client-server system

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12
Q

any program that makes itself available to other programs over the internet using HTTP as a transfer protocol

A

web service

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13
Q

an example of the client-server model being applied to the internet

A

web service

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14
Q

is this is the computer programs

A

software

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15
Q

this runs the software from the moment it is powered up

A

hardware

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16
Q

whatre the two types of software

A

system and application

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17
Q

this type of software controls hardware, must be written for the hardware, operating systems like windows, OS x, chrome

A

system software

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18
Q

users use it to do stuff, must be written for the operating systems like windows, OS X, chrome

A

applicaiton software

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19
Q

this is usually written by humans in the computer language like python, swift, java, javascript, COBOL, MATLAB

A

source code

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20
Q

to execute source code, it first has to be converted int o

A

object code

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21
Q

———- convert a program all at one, creating, for example an .exe file on a windows machine

A

compliers

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22
Q

——converts a program “one line at. atime” as it is

A

interpreters

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23
Q

for authoring, maintaining and testing source code

A

software: IDE

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24
Q

most professional programmers/data scientists use __________ to write code and manage resources

A

integrated development environment

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25
________ is an approach to software development where building applications and related processes entail little to no coding
low-code
26
the development of _______ is paid for and controlled by some person, firm, organization
properietary software
27
this is held by a party and is NOT available to the public
Intellectual property
28
IP owner commonly restricrs use of its IP through various schemes for software licenses
single machine, multiple machine, site, time-limited
29
this is typically developed by a community
open-source software
30
volunteer developers with little or no commericial interest in the product// sometimes organizations will provide substantial development and maintenance resources for an OSS project
open source software
31
how widespread is OSS adoption?
72% of companies frequently use open-source for non-commericial or internal reasons and 55% use open source for commerical prodcuts - 20% of companies contribute code to an OSS project, so any company you will join ery likely use OSS
32
what are principles of open-source software distribution
no discrimination and technology neutral
33
license is availbe to any entity and any endeavor/field
no discrimination
34
license is free of technology or interface restrictions
technology neutral
35
work based on or derived from one or more already existing works
derivative works
36
the original developer must always be acknowledged
oss derivative works
37
a user can modify the software as they see fit
OSS derivative works
38
distriution of original and derived OSS may be restricted by OSS license
OSS derivative works
39
OSS license types:
- copyleft license -permissive free software licenses
40
what does cpoyleft licenses
same rights
41
permissive free software licenses:
different rights
42
practice of granting the right to create and distribute derivatie works with the requirement that is bound by the same rights associated with the original work
copyleft licenses
43
allows modified versions of the software/code to be distribued under terms different than the original sfotware/code
permissive free licenses
44
less restrictive on redistribution than copyleft
permissive free licenses
45
minimal restrictions. requires rhat all copied/adapted code retain the BSD license noice
BSD License (berkeley software distribution)
46
part of android mobile oS code. you may release parts of the code you modify under any license you want
apache license
47
oss development can harness the creativity of thousands of developers aorund the globe- depends on the community
access to latest innovations
48
more vulnerabilities may be identified and corrected since the code is open( depends on the community)
security and quality
49
since code is available, it may be modified by the customer or third parties to fit the specific needs of a firm without reliance on a specific vendor- depends on the community and he wuality of the code
ability to customize
50
switching costs may be lower than those of proprietary software if formats/process are compatible
limited lock-in (more agility and better time to market)
51
offer the OSS for free but modularize key add-on functionality for enterprise users in proprietary modeules that you can charge for
open-source
52
offer a fully-managed verison of the OSS so users can quickly "spin up" an instance to try it or deploy into production. All advantages of Saas apply for the client
hosting
53
sell deployment and integratoin services, production-oriented "insurance policies", certified binaries, training, bug fixes, etc to businesses deploying the product. Red is the most notable success
support
54
mozilla foundation, supports firefox
seek donations
55
form of computing where systems in different locations communicate and collaborate to complete a task
distributed computing
56
a program that fulfills the requests of a client
server
57
a software program that makes request of a server program
client
58
software that houses and serves business logic for use by multiple applications
application server
59
small pieces of code that are accessed via the application server, and permit interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network
web services
60
programminng hooks, or guidelines, published by firms that tell other programs how to get a service to perfom a task such as send or recieve data
APIs
61
robust set of web services built around an organization processes and procedures
service-oriented architecure (SOA)
62
products and services that allow for the developement and integration of software products and other complementary oods
platforms
63
tagging language that can be used to identify data fields made available for use by other applications
extensible markup language
64
popular data interchange format, JSON is a technology standard often used to format data when being sent or received via APIs
Javascript object notation
65
also known as "hardened". Term used to describe technology products that contain particularly strong security feature
security-focused
66
ability to either handle increasing workloads or to be easily expanded to manage workload
scalability

infos final (7 decks)

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