Software Flashcards
What does digital infrastructure consist of?
distributed computing and software/ the internet/ cloud computing/ blockchain and web3
What is computer systems in different locations communicate and collaborate to complete a task?
distributed computing and software
the infrastrucutre behind modern computer networks
the internet
emergiing computer architectural model/// delivery of different services thorugh the internet
cloud copmuting
emerging technology enabling the next version of the world wide web
blockchain and web3
A form of computing where systems in different locations communicate and collaborate to complete a task
example is the world wide web
distributed computing
the architecture behind most distributed computing
client-server system
client-server model as applied to an internet-based application
web service
programs that request something, your web browser
clients
programs that deliver/ serve something to satisfy a request
servers
___ of this system, code need to be diviided between the client software and server software
client-server system
any program that makes itself available to other programs over the internet using HTTP as a transfer protocol
web service
an example of the client-server model being applied to the internet
web service
is this is the computer programs
software
this runs the software from the moment it is powered up
hardware
whatre the two types of software
system and application
this type of software controls hardware, must be written for the hardware, operating systems like windows, OS x, chrome
system software
users use it to do stuff, must be written for the operating systems like windows, OS X, chrome
applicaiton software
this is usually written by humans in the computer language like python, swift, java, javascript, COBOL, MATLAB
source code
to execute source code, it first has to be converted int o
object code
———- convert a program all at one, creating, for example an .exe file on a windows machine
compliers
——converts a program “one line at. atime” as it is
interpreters
for authoring, maintaining and testing source code
software: IDE
most professional programmers/data scientists use __________ to write code and manage resources
integrated development environment
________ is an approach to software development where building applications and related processes entail little to no coding
low-code
the development of _______ is paid for and controlled by some person, firm, organization
properietary software
this is held by a party and is NOT available to the public
Intellectual property
IP owner commonly restricrs use of its IP through various schemes for software licenses
single machine, multiple machine, site, time-limited
this is typically developed by a community
open-source software
volunteer developers with little or no commericial interest in the product// sometimes organizations will provide substantial development and maintenance resources for an OSS project
open source software
how widespread is OSS adoption?
72% of companies frequently use open-source for non-commericial or internal reasons and 55% use open source for commerical prodcuts
- 20% of companies contribute code to an OSS project, so any company you will join ery likely use OSS
what are principles of open-source software distribution
no discrimination and technology neutral
license is availbe to any entity and any endeavor/field
no discrimination
license is free of technology or interface restrictions
technology neutral
work based on or derived from one or more already existing works
derivative works
the original developer must always be acknowledged
oss derivative works
a user can modify the software as they see fit
OSS derivative works
distriution of original and derived OSS may be restricted by OSS license
OSS derivative works
OSS license types:
- copyleft license
-permissive free software licenses
what does cpoyleft licenses
same rights
permissive free software licenses:
different rights
practice of granting the right to create and distribute derivatie works with the requirement that is bound by the same rights associated with the original work
copyleft licenses
allows modified versions of the software/code to be distribued under terms different than the original sfotware/code
permissive free licenses
less restrictive on redistribution than copyleft
permissive free licenses
minimal restrictions. requires rhat all copied/adapted code retain the BSD license noice
BSD License (berkeley software distribution)
part of android mobile oS code. you may release parts of the code you modify under any license you want
apache license
oss development can harness the creativity of thousands of developers aorund the globe- depends on the community
access to latest innovations
more vulnerabilities may be identified and corrected since the code is open( depends on the community)
security and quality
since code is available, it may be modified by the customer or third parties to fit the specific needs of a firm without reliance on a specific vendor- depends on the community and he wuality of the code
ability to customize
switching costs may be lower than those of proprietary software if formats/process are compatible
limited lock-in (more agility and better time to market)
offer the OSS for free but modularize key add-on functionality for enterprise users in proprietary modeules that you can charge for
open-source
offer a fully-managed verison of the OSS so users can quickly “spin up” an instance to try it or deploy into production. All advantages of Saas apply for the client
hosting
sell deployment and integratoin services, production-oriented “insurance policies”, certified binaries, training, bug fixes, etc to businesses deploying the product. Red is the most notable success
support
mozilla foundation, supports firefox
seek donations
form of computing where systems in different locations communicate and collaborate to complete a task
distributed computing
a program that fulfills the requests of a client
server
a software program that makes request of a server program
client
software that houses and serves business logic for use by multiple applications
application server
small pieces of code that are accessed via the application server, and permit interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network
web services
programminng hooks, or guidelines, published by firms that tell other programs how to get a service to perfom a task such as send or recieve data
APIs
robust set of web services built around an organization processes and procedures
service-oriented architecure (SOA)
products and services that allow for the developement and integration of software products and other complementary oods
platforms
tagging language that can be used to identify data fields made available for use by other applications
extensible markup language
popular data interchange format, JSON is a technology standard often used to format data when being sent or received via APIs
Javascript object notation
also known as “hardened”. Term used to describe technology products that contain particularly strong security feature
security-focused
ability to either handle increasing workloads or to be easily expanded to manage workload
scalability
