The Internet Flashcards
Dns refreshing
When ur registrar creates or updates any info for a given domain, the info must be refreshed in every dns database.
Top level DNS servers function
DNS worldwide refer to this few special servers called “authorartive name server”
Get a domain name (4)
The registrar will let u know when the domain name is properly registered. All dns will have received your dns info.
Get a domain name (3)
Fill out the form, don’t misspell
Get a domain name (2)
Click on the prominent “GET A DOMAIN NAME” call to action
Get a domain name (1)
Go to registrar website
Can u buy a domain name
Can’t own a domain name but u can but it’s right and renew it every 1-2 years.
How many labels can domain have? Example of a sub domain?
Domain can have many labels
Sub domains - (mozilla.org)(developer.mozilla.org)
Label 1
Right before the TLD
Also called SLD (secondary level domain)
Label rules
Case sensitive
Character sequence from 1-63 long
A-Z, 0-9, and (-) character can’t be first or last
TLD rules
can contain special and Latin characters. Max 63 characters.
Most are 2-3
.edu
The .edu TLD is for educational and academic institutions
.gov
TLDs containing (.gov) are only allowed to be used by government departments
Local TLDs
(.us, .fr, .se) can require the service to be provided in a given language or hosted in a certain country.
Most TLDs
.com, .org, .net
TLD definition
Tells the user the general purpose of the service behind the domain name.
TLD
Top Level Domain
Domain name structure: developer.mozilla.org
Label
[developer] - label 2
[mozilla] - label 1
[org] - TLD
Order of component files
Html - CSS & JS
Parses then generate DOM(html)
Then generates CSSOM.
Then compiles and executes JS
Web Toolbox: Component Files (Assets)
Collective name for all the other stuff(music, images, music, vids, pdf, and word docs)
Web Toolbox: Component Files (code files)
A website is made up of different file
Code files: built thru html, css, and JavaScript
DNS purpose for the web?
When you type a web address the browser looks at the dns to find its IP address so it can retrieve the website. Need to locate website before an http messge can be sent.
TCP/IP full definition
Transmision control protocol and internet protocol are communication protocols that define how data should travel across the internet.
Internet connection purpose for web?
Allows you to send and retrieve data on the web
How the web works (simple)
A copy of the web page is downloaded from the server onto the client machine to be displayed in the user’s web browser.
Clients (Xra def)
Client are also web accessing software
Web browser
A program on ur computer that allows u to visit and display web pages. Every web pages runs they it
Faulty website explanation
Website not working = Webserver not responding = multiple sites not working
Hosting
All web pages and supporting files are stored in a computer
What does a website do?
Provides explicit link in the form of clickable text that allows users to move between web pages. Single page websites. Domain name leads to homepage.
Web page contents
Style info: controls look and feel
Scripts: interactivity
Media: images, sounds and videos
Web page description
Simple doc. Written in HTML.
[Web pages, Website,] Web server, [Search engine]. How do they work together?
The search engine helps search for a website or page
[Web pages, Website,] Web server, Search engine. How do they work together?
The websites contain one or more webpages. Each web pages can be found at a unique location (URL) [Uniform Resource Locator]
Web pages, [Website, Web server,] Search engine. How do they work together?
The web server (hardware) contains multiple websites. Each section contains a unique website.
Search Engine
A web service that helps you fing other web pages accessed thru web browsers and web pages.
Web Server
A computer that hosts website(s) on the internet
Websites
A collection of web pages which are grouped together and usually connected together in various way. All under a unique Domain name
Web page (pages)
A document which can be displayed in a web browser.
Aspects of the extra&intra net
Runs on the internet. Accessed by authorized memeber from different locations
Extranet
Like an Intranet but opens all or part of ur private network to allow sharing and collaboration with other organizations
Intranet and Extranet contains…?
Webpages, documents, files, collaboration tools, & info.
Intranet
Private networks restricted to members of a particular organization
What’s the Internet’s network architecture? What’s required for foreign network to connect to each other? What is this system called?
The internet is built to the already existing telephone line and this requires a modem. To connect to another network outside urs or ur client u need an isp to. Data is careied from our networks to an isp’s and to the destination network. This is the internet.
Describe a local network
To connect millions of computer a router can connect to another router. This is a local but not global network so not the internet.
Describe a basic network with a router
10 computers each with one cable connected to a router. The router directs the traffic and makes sure the data goes to the right computer
Describe a network with out a router
Each one of the 10 computers will be connected to each other (45 cables) = confusing and ineffective web
Describe a very simple network
1 cable that connects two computer
RTP purpose
Live video streaming and VOIP calls
TCP/IP purpose
Transports Data
What are protocols?
Set of rules for data packet conversion, attachment of source and destination adresss to each packets and the rules for routers
Protocols examples
TCP/IP, HTTP/HTTPS, RTP
What is the purpose of protocols?
Management of the complex flow of packets
How do packets move and act and why?
Packets routed to ur client, r not necessarily in the same path. Each takes the best path available. Reassembled when they reach ur client. Packets makes it easier to resend if one fails.
What do packets contain?
Bits of data that includes files(video, image, txt) etc., sequence #, IP address of the server and client.
When data can’t be sent thru cables what is used instead and how?
Wireless? From the fiber optics cable, the signal is sent to a cell tower and from the cell tower the signals reaches your cell phone in the form of electromagnetic waves
Ethernet cable job
Ethernet cable used to transmit signals to ur laptop
Job of the internet backbone and how it does it
Internets backbone connects to ur house and converts light signals into electrical signals
What is the backbone of the internet?
Complex optical cable network is the back bone of the internet.
Who lays the optical cable network that data is transferred with?
Few global companies lay and maintain optical cable network (AT&T, Verizon, Google) etc.
Describe the travel conditions of data flow
Sometimes light pulses have to travel thousands of miles and rough territories.
In what form() is data transferred and thru what?
Data is transferred in digital format (light pulses) (binary) via optical cables
Which organization manages the DNS and where is it located?
ICANN located in US
How do IP addresses and DNS server work together?
The internet finds IP address corresponding to our domain name in DNS server.
What do larger websites need? Like Facebook
They need a server building dedicated to them.
How do servers with multiple websites work?
None can be accessed with the servers IP address. Instead additional info and host heads are used to identify each website.
Describe Servers
Powerful computer whose job is to provide data to other computers
Where are data stores specifically?
SSD in data centers that act as the internal memory of a server
What connects data centers and clients?
Optical fiber cables, cell towers and satellites
Describes the cons of satellites for data flow
Can cause delays cos of distance and more issues
How routers work?
The IP address on of ur computer attaches itself to ur data. The IP address of the routers it goes thru also attached themselves. When the data comes back it goes thru the checkpoints it had marked before.
What has IP addresses?
Everything connected directly and indirectly to the internet
How and why is traffic managed in networks?
IP addresses and routers keep your info from ending up in another persons screen
How an email is sent
The client uses a DSL and goes they their ISP to the internet and finds gmail.con. Once the message is composed gmail sends the mail thru the internet to aol.com. The receiver can then retrieve the email from aol.com
What are clients?
Computers connected to the internet indirectly thru an ISP (Internet service provider)
How do servers, IP and Domain names relate?
Every server has a unique IP address(Internet protocol). We give them domain names to remember them easier.
Describe servers in relation with webpages and the internet
A server is a special computer directly connected to the internet and the web pages and file connected to that server’s hard drive.
Describe the Internet hardwares
A wire buried underground (fiber optics/copper) or beam thru satellites or cellphone networks. Two computers connected to the wire can communicate
Define the internet
Large network of computers which all communicates all together
Describe the short internet backstory
US gov wanted to share info. Packet switch network developed called CARPANET. Two nodes turns to global network of millions of nodes.
Describe the Internet fiber optical cables?
1.2 kilometers of submarine cables connected to massive servers building connected to smaller cables that connect to computers
Internet v. World Wide Web
Not the same thing. WWW sits on top of the hardware (the internet)
How do data flow requests work
Data shoots out of device their regional networks across the globe to a server. The video is broken into packets and each one sent thru a different route. Arrives in ur device and rearranges itself
