The integumentary system (multiple choice)

Question 1

What is the name of the uppermost (superficial) layer of the skin?

Hyperdermis

Epidermis

Hypodermis

Subcutaneous layer

Answer 1

Epidermis

Question 2

Which of these services do not appear in the dermis?

Sensory nerve supply

Arterial, venous and lymphatic vessel supply

Exocrine glands

Endocrine glands

Answer 2

Endocrine glands

Question 3

Which of the following is true?

The upper epidermis is made up of simple squamous epithelium strengthened with collagen and lignin.

The upper epidermis is made up of simple columnar epithelium keratinized and called keratinocytes

The upper epidermis is made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

The upper epidermis is made of keratin

Answer 3

The upper epidermis is made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

The epidermis is

a rapidly changing epithelial tissue, renewed regularly by stratum basale cells

dividing and pushing older dying cells further upwards toward the skin surface, where the thinner dead keratinized cells lie.

a rapidly changing connective tissue, renewed regularly by granulosa cells dividing and pushing older dying cells further upwards toward the skin surface where the thinner dead keratinized cells lie.

a relatively static tissue undergoing little mitosis, it is composed of connective areolar and dense connective tissue and housed with many exocrine glands.

a rapidly changing epithelial tissue, renewed regularly by stratum spinosa cells dividing and pushing older dying cells further upwards toward the skin surface where the thicker dead keratinized cells lie.

Answer 4

a rapidly changing epithelial tissue, renewed regularly by stratum basale cells

Question 5

The epidermis is

Agranular

Avascular

Aqueous

Amorphou

Answer 5

Avascular

Question 6

Which of the following lists show the correct order of the layers of the epidermis?

(The 5 layers of the thicker skin – order from superficial to deep.

Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum.

Stratum Corneum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale, Stratum Lucidum.

Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Basale Stratum Corneum.

Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale.

Answer 6

Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale.

Question 7

Which of the following layers of the skin will be coloured with the dye of a tattoo?

The hypodermis

The dermis

The stratum basale of the epidermis

The stratum spinosum of the epidermis

Answer 7

The dermis

Question 8

What is the name of the muscle that causes the hairs on your skin to stand on end?

The dermal flexor

The lateral rectus

The erector pili

The superior rectu

Answer 8

The erector pili

Question 9

The following glands are sweat glands for regulating body temperature

The apocrine gland

The sebaceous gland

The eccrine gland

The lacrimal gland

Answer 9

The eccrine gland

Question 10

Which of the following are endocrine glands?

The sebaceous gland

The mammary gland

The ceruminous gland

The pineal gland

Answer 10

The pineal gland

Question 11

Which of the following is a receptor for deep pressure in the skin?

a) The Meissners Corpuscle
b) The Corpuscles of Ruffini
c) The Pacinian Corpuscle
d) B and C are correct

Answer 11

B and C are correct

Question 12

Which of the following are NOT functions of the skin

Excretion

Digestion

Heat regulation

Contributes to Vitamin synthesis (vit D)

Answer 12

Digestion

Question 13

When we are tiny in stature and carry very little muscle or fat, we are likely to have a relatively

Large surface area to volume ratio

Small surface area to volume ratio

Equal surface area to volume

Minimal surface are

Answer 13

Large surface area to volume ratio

Question 14

The hypodermis is

a) The same as the subcutaneous layer
b) Not technically a part of the skin
c) The layer below the epidermis
d) Both A and B are correct

Answer 14

Both A and B are correct

Question 15

Adipose tissue is

Vascular tissue

Keratinized tissue

Fat cells belonging to the connective tissue group

Fat cells belonging to the epithelial tissue group

Answer 15

Fat cells belonging to the connective tissue group

Question 16

Sebum is…………….. and produced by the ……………….

Sebum is an aqueous secretion produced by the apocrine glands

Sebum is an oily secretion produced by the sebaceous glands

Sebum is a waxy secretion produced by the ceruminous glands

Sebum is an oily secretion produced by the seminal vesicles

Answer 16

Sebum is an oily secretion produced by the sebaceous glands

Question 17

Apocrine glands are at their most active

At birth

In adolescence

During menopause in females

In old age

Answer 17

In adolescence

Question 18

Loss of the elastin and collagen proteins can result in

Acne

Scaring

Wrinkles

Formation of pustule

Answer 18

Wrinkles

Question 19

The white crescent shape on a nail (close to the proximal margin of the last digit) is called the

Cuticle

Lunule

Matrix

Fundus

Answer 19

Lunule

Question 20

Nails, hair, claws, hooves and horns are all made out of the same substance which is

Collagen

Lignin

Keratin

Chitin

Answer 20

Keratin

Question 21

The longest stage and involves the most active growth, in the hair growth cycle, is called

Catagen

Telogen

Mitogen

Anagen

Answer 21

Anagen

Question 22

The consistency of the tissues that grow from the skin (hair, nails in humans and hooves, claws and horns in other animals) depends on:

The presence of mineral

The hydration of the tissue

The closeness and arrangement of the protein fibres

The presence and proportion of elastic fibres

Answer 22

The closeness and arrangement of the protein fibres

Question 23

Name the upper (most superficial) layer of the dermis

Papillary

Reticular

Lamina propria

Stratum basale

Answer 23

Papillary

Question 24

A third degree burn would risk

Infection

Hypothermia

Dehydration

All of the above

Answer 24

All of the above

Question 25

Describe how the erector pili helps to regulate temperature

Answer 25

It causes the hair to stand on end, trapping a layer of air between the skin surface and the atmosphere.

Question 26

Which part of the brain instigates the appropriate actions for rectifying the problem caused by extreme external temperatures

Answer 26

hypothalamus

Question 27

List the mechanisms that reduce temperature and prevent overheating, and those that increase the temperature in cold conditions. Make sure you include the vascular aspects (diameter changes and routes) in both cases.

Answer 27

When hot climate, more blood is allowed to travel to the periphery (dilating vessels) so heat can escape by radiation from skin surface – this makes us look red. The sweat glands release more sweat and we cool down because of water evaporation from the skin surface.

When too cold the blood flow is limited to the periphery (by vasoconstriction) we will look pale and fingers and toes feel numb. If left for too long and temperatures are extreme, we risk loss of circulation to those areas (frost bite). Also, the erector pili contract raises the hairs on our body, and our skeletal muscles uncontrollably contract in a shiver.