The Integumentary System Flashcards
Name the 4 types of membranes found in the integumentary system.
Mucous membranes, serous membranes, cutaneous membrane, and synovial membrane
When two or more tissues make up something it is considered an:
Organ
Define mucous membrane:
Moist, relatively delicate membranes, coverings of internal spaces that are open to the outside of the body.
Define serous membranes:
Lining body cavities with parietal and visceral layers with serous fluid in between.
Define the cutaneous membrane:
Largest organ in the body with a prominent multi layered epithelium called the epidermis and thicker connective tissue layer called the dermis. Covers most surfaces of the body.
Define the synovial membranes:
Found lining just a portion of the interior of a freely movable joint. It is discontinuous with gaps and is over a connective tissue layer.
Name the 4 primary structures of the cutaneous membrane
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer
Name the structure of the dermis that intimately interconnects the epidermis and dermis to create a very strong bond between them.
Dermal papillae
Define basement membrane
“Glue like” layer that follows the boundary between the epidermis and dermis
Name the cell type located in the epidermis
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Name the six parts of the epidermis
Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum germinativum, and basement membrane
Name the location in the epidermis where keratinocytes grow
Stratum germinativum
Name the characteristics of keratinocytes
Dominant cell type, reproducing on a regular basis within the stratum germinativum, pushed into the stratum spinosum and aging as they ascend layers
Name the characteristics of melanocytes
Found in the stratum germinativum, pigment producing cells that are devoid of any pigment, transfer pigment to keratinocytes, protects the nucleus from sun damage
Name the characteristics of Langerhans cells
Found in the stratum spinosum
Surveilling for any pathogens that can enter due to breaks in the skin
Sets up alarm to immune system and provide some protective defense
Name the six accessory organs of the skin
Hair follicles and hair, nails, glands, exocrine glands of the skin, sensory endings, and vasculature
Define secretion and excretion
Secretion: moves product from cell to body cavity
Excretion: moves product from body cavity to outside
Define exocrine
Has duct that secretes
Define holocrine
Secretory cells that release their products by rupturing and releasing their entire cellular contents
“Whole cell dies and becomes the secretion”
Define apocrine
Release their products by pinching off a portion of their cytoplasm while keeping the nucleus intact
“A Piece breaks off to be secreted”
Define merocrine/eccrine
Release their product through exocytosis without losing any cellular material
“Releases through the membrane”
What are the two exocrine glands of the skin?
Sebaceous glands
Suderiferous / sweat glands
Name the 4 sensory endings
Free nerve endings
Meissner’s corpuscle
Root hair plexus
Pacinian corpuscle
“Free My Pain, Rude!”
Name the two types of vasculature found in the skin
Cutaneous plexus: brings blood from heart to cutaneous membrane
Papillary plexus: supplies dermal papillae
Define keratin
waterproofing protein; functions to protect cutaneous membrane from desiccation
Define sebaceous gland
Oil secreting gland often associated with the hair follicle
Define hair bulb
Enlarged region at the base of the hair follicle; contains the actively dividing germinative cells
Define arrector pili muscle
ribbon of smooth muscle associated with the follicle; responsible for raising and standing the hair upright
Define stratum basale (germinativum)
deepest layer of cuboidal epithelial cells responsible for the mitotic division and production of all overlying epidermal cells
Define melanin
dark pigment secreted into the epidermal cells ; responsible for protecting underlying tissue from damaging UV light
Define synovial membrane
membranes that line and enclose freely movable joints (elbow, knee, hip)
Define dermal papilla
“nipple” or cone shaped projections of dermal tissue into epidermal tissue
Define merkel cells
specialized sensory epithelial cells found in areas of the skin which lack hair
Define epidermis
stratified squamous epithelial tissue comprising the surgface of the cutaneous membrane
Define reticular region
dense irregular connective tissue region of the dermis; primarily functions as support and house the integument’s accessory structures
Define subcutaneous layer
the specialized connective tissue functioning to connect the integument down to underlying muscle
Define lamina propria
the connective tissue specific to mucous membrane
Define tactile corpuscle
specialized nerve fibers surrounded by connective tissue located within the dermal papillae of the skin
Define papillary plexus
the small network of blood vessels (capillaries) residing within the dermal papillae; supplying nutrients of epidermal tissue
Define apocrine gland
primarily located in the axilla, areola of breast, and anogenital area. secretory products are more viscous and tend to have a stronger odor
Define hair follicle
Invagination of the epidermis into the dermis; epidermal structure responsible for the production of hair
