Cytology Part 2 Flashcards
What are the two parts of cytoplasm
Cytosol and organelles
Define cytosol
Fluid, primarily water, where many chemical reactions take place.
Define membrane bound organelles
Organelles that have their own membrane
Name the 4 membrane-bound organelles.
Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), golgi apparatus, and vesicles
Name the function of mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell
What are the two primary parts of mitochondria
Outer membrane
Inner membrane (christae) - folds and creates elaborate patterns to fit inside of the outer membrane
What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
Associated with the production of protein
- under the guidance of DNA in the nucleus
What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
Associated with lipid-based molecular synthesis
Also used as a way to hide things / separate them from cytosol
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Final processing of materials to be secreted
Can be stored until the “right time” for release
Name the 3 types of vesicles
Transport vesicles, secretory vesicles, and lysosomes
What is the function of transport vesicles?
Transport product from ER to golgi apparatus
What is the function of secretory vesicles?
Takes content from golgi apparatus and migrates to the surface of the cell, joins the cell surface, and releases the contents
What is the function of a lysosome?
Packaged into vesicle from the golgi apparatus, exists in the cell, and becomes a cellular organelle “garbage bin” in the cell.
Describe how endocytosis works.
Plasma membrane forms an invagination where things outside of the cell can flow in to fill the invagination. The membrane then fuses and creates a phagosome.
Describe exocytosis
Secretory vesicles take their internal contents, merge with the surface of the cell, and then the contents release from the surface.
What are the three uses of lysosomes?
Phagocytosis, recycling of damaged / old organelles, cellular death (apoptosis)
Name the free organelles
Ribosomes, centrioles, and cytoskeleton
What are the 3 components of the nucleus?
Nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, and chromatin
What is the function of nuclear pores?
Allows selective movement of molecules into and out of the nucleus
