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Human Anatomy > The Integumentary System > Flashcards

The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis

A

The top layer of skin, the shallowest layer

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2
Q

Dermis

A

The middle section of skin, the layer right under the epidermis

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3
Q

Hypodermis/ Subcutaneous layer

A

The deepest layer of skin connects the skin to the underlying muscle and organs

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4
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

2-3 layers of clear, flat dead cellls. This layer in the skin is only found in the palms, soles and lips (places that have more friction).

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5
Q

Living keratinocyte

A

Found within the hypodermis

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6
Q

Epidermal dendritic (langerhans) cell

A

Specialized antigen cells that are found in the stratum basale. Named for their long arm (dendrites) plentiful in the skin and mucous membrane

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7
Q

Tactile (Merkel) cell

A

Light touch response, found in the dermis

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8
Q

Melanocytes

A

Found in the stratum basale, creates the skin pigment

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9
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Several layers of cells that have numerous spine like projections. Limited amount of mitotic activity, this layer and the stratum basale are both referred to as the stratum germinativum

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10
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

3-5 layers of flattened cells containing dark staining granules. Keratinization begins in this layer

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11
Q

Stratum corneum

A

20-30 layers of flattened, dead, scale like cells (cornified/keratinized cells). These dead cells are the very top layer of skin.

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12
Q

Callus

A

Stimulation of the stratum basale cells

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13
Q

Thick epidermis

A

Found in palms and soles. No hair follicles or sebaceous (oil) glands. Has 5 layers

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14
Q

Thin epidermis

A

Covers most of the body, has hair follicles and sebaceous (oil) glands. Has 4 layers

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15
Q

Skin color

A

The combination of melanin in the epidermis and hemoglobin in the dermal blood vessels. Carotene is the weakest contributor

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16
Q

Melanin

A

Believed to help protect DNA of epidermal cells from damage by harmful UV light

17
Q

Hemoglobin

A

The iron containing pigment found inside red blood cells

18
Q

Albinism

A

A condition that causes lack of brown pigment melanin in the skin, hair and eyes

19
Q

Vitiligo

A

Multiples well democarted areas of hypopigmentation which progressively enlarge. Associated with autoimmune disorders, in about 1/3 of cases there’s family history

20
Q

Cyanosis (blueness)

A

Sign of poor oxygenation of the blood

21
Q

Acrocyanosis

A

Blueness in extremities (fingers and toes) caused by poor oxygenation of hemoglobin (formation of deoxyhemoglobin, has a bluish tint)

22
Q

Pallor

A

Paleness, indication of a lack of hemoglobin, a lack of red blood cells or both

23
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow color, caused by excess bilirubin

24
Q

Postmortem lividity/ Liver mortis

A

Pooling of the blood after death, causes a bruise like coloring in the skin

25
Q

Epidermal friction ridges

A

Fingerprints, caused by underlying dermal papillae

26
Q

Dermal papillae

A

The boundary between the epidermis and dermis. Extend into the epidermis

27
Q

Nerve fiber

A

Send into from sensory neurons to the central nervous system

28
Q

Blood vessel

A

Channels that carry blood throughout your body

29
Q

Striae/ Lineae albicantes

A

Stretch marks

30
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

The constriction of dermal blood vessels constrict to reduce the loss of heat to the outer environment. Causes the skin to whiten, happens on very cold days (heat conservation)

31
Q

Vasodilation

A

The dilation of dermal blood vessels to allow the elimination of heat to the outer environment. Occurs when the body is hot and may cause the skin to redden (heat loss across epidermis)

32
Q

Decubitus ulcers

A

Bed sores, occurs when there’s continuous pressure on a body part or region

Human Anatomy (6 decks)

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