The Integumentary System

Question 1

Epidermis

Answer 1

The top layer of skin, the shallowest layer

Question 2

Dermis

Answer 2

The middle section of skin, the layer right under the epidermis

Question 3

Hypodermis/ Subcutaneous layer

Answer 3

The deepest layer of skin connects the skin to the underlying muscle and organs

Question 4

Stratum lucidum

Answer 4

2-3 layers of clear, flat dead cellls. This layer in the skin is only found in the palms, soles and lips (places that have more friction).

Question 5

Living keratinocyte

Answer 5

Found within the hypodermis

Question 6

Epidermal dendritic (langerhans) cell

Answer 6

Specialized antigen cells that are found in the stratum basale. Named for their long arm (dendrites) plentiful in the skin and mucous membrane

Question 7

Tactile (Merkel) cell

Answer 7

Light touch response, found in the dermis

Question 8

Melanocytes

Answer 8

Found in the stratum basale, creates the skin pigment

Question 9

Stratum spinosum

Answer 9

Several layers of cells that have numerous spine like projections. Limited amount of mitotic activity, this layer and the stratum basale are both referred to as the stratum germinativum

Question 10

Stratum granulosum

Answer 10

3-5 layers of flattened cells containing dark staining granules. Keratinization begins in this layer

Question 11

Stratum corneum

Answer 11

20-30 layers of flattened, dead, scale like cells (cornified/keratinized cells). These dead cells are the very top layer of skin.

Question 12

Callus

Answer 12

Stimulation of the stratum basale cells

Question 13

Thick epidermis

Answer 13

Found in palms and soles. No hair follicles or sebaceous (oil) glands. Has 5 layers

Question 14

Thin epidermis

Answer 14

Covers most of the body, has hair follicles and sebaceous (oil) glands. Has 4 layers

Question 15

Skin color

Answer 15

The combination of melanin in the epidermis and hemoglobin in the dermal blood vessels. Carotene is the weakest contributor

Question 16

Melanin

Answer 16

Believed to help protect DNA of epidermal cells from damage by harmful UV light

Question 17

Hemoglobin

Answer 17

The iron containing pigment found inside red blood cells

Question 18

Albinism

Answer 18

A condition that causes lack of brown pigment melanin in the skin, hair and eyes

Question 19

Vitiligo

Answer 19

Multiples well democarted areas of hypopigmentation which progressively enlarge. Associated with autoimmune disorders, in about 1/3 of cases there’s family history

Question 20

Cyanosis (blueness)

Answer 20

Sign of poor oxygenation of the blood

Question 21

Acrocyanosis

Answer 21

Blueness in extremities (fingers and toes) caused by poor oxygenation of hemoglobin (formation of deoxyhemoglobin, has a bluish tint)

Question 22

Pallor

Answer 22

Paleness, indication of a lack of hemoglobin, a lack of red blood cells or both

Question 23

Jaundice

Answer 23

Yellow color, caused by excess bilirubin

Question 24

Postmortem lividity/ Liver mortis

Answer 24

Pooling of the blood after death, causes a bruise like coloring in the skin

Question 25

Epidermal friction ridges

Answer 25

Fingerprints, caused by underlying dermal papillae

Question 26

Dermal papillae

Answer 26

The boundary between the epidermis and dermis. Extend into the epidermis

Question 27

Nerve fiber

Answer 27

Send into from sensory neurons to the central nervous system

Question 28

Blood vessel

Answer 28

Channels that carry blood throughout your body

Question 29

Striae/ Lineae albicantes

Answer 29

Stretch marks

Question 30

Vasoconstriction

Answer 30

The constriction of dermal blood vessels constrict to reduce the loss of heat to the outer environment. Causes the skin to whiten, happens on very cold days (heat conservation)

Question 31

Vasodilation

Answer 31

The dilation of dermal blood vessels to allow the elimination of heat to the outer environment. Occurs when the body is hot and may cause the skin to redden (heat loss across epidermis)

Question 32

Decubitus ulcers

Answer 32

Bed sores, occurs when there’s continuous pressure on a body part or region