The intact brain 1 Flashcards
Define rostral
Towards the head
Define caudal
Towards the tail
Define dorsal
Towards the back
Define ventral
Towards the front
Structures found towards the front of the head in the forebrain are described as what?
Being anterior
Structures found towards the back of the head in the forebrain are described as what?
Bein posterior
Structures found towards the top of the head in the forebrain are described as what?
Being superior
Structures found towards the bottom of the head in the forebrain are described as what?
Being inferior or ventral
What are the names of the 3 vesicles that originally form the brain?
- Prosencephalon (Forebrain)
- Mesencephalon (midbrain)
- Rhombencephalon (hind brain)
Name the 5 secondary vesicles of the developing brain
- Telencephalon
- Diencephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Metencephalon
- Myelencephalon
Where does the cerebral hemisphere originate from
The Prosencephalon
Where does the diencephalon originate from
The Prosencephalon
What are the sub units of the diencephalon?
The thalamus and hypothalamus
Where does the midbrain originate from?
The Mesencephalon
What so the pons sit on top of?
The medulla oblongata
What is the medulla oblongata
It is an expansion of the rostral end of the spinal cord
What forms the brain stem?
The midbrain
The pons
The medulla
What lies dorsal to the brain stem?
The cerebellum
Where do the pons develop from?
The Metencephalon
Where does the cerebellum originate from?
The Metencephalon
What serpents the 2 hemispheres of the brain?
The sagittal fissure
What are sulci?
Grooves in the brain
What are gyri?
Folds in the brain
What do the sulci and gyri do?
Increase the surface area of the cerebral hemispheres thereby increase the cerebral cortex
What is the cerebral cortex?
Is a layer neural cell bodies (grey matter) that covers the surface of each cerebral hemispheres
What allows for there to be communication between the left and right hemisphere?
The corpus callosum
Describe the corpus collosum
It is a band of white matter found between the left and right hemisphere and it allows for communication to occur between both
Name the lobes that make up each hemisphere
- Frontal
- Parietal
- temporal
- Occipital
Name the 2 most prominent sulci
- The central sulcus
2. The lateral sulcus
Where does the frontal lobe lie
Anterior to the central sulcus
Where does the parietal lobe lie
Posterior to the central sulcus
Where does the occipital lobe lie
Most posterior to each cerebral hemisphere
Where does the temporal lobe lie
Inferior to the lateral sulcus
What is found at the extreme ends of each lobe?
Poles (Eg frontal pole ect)
Name the 2 prominent gyri visible in a lateral view of the brain
- Pre central gyrus
2. Post central gyrus
Where is the pre central gyrus found?
Anterior to the central sulcus
In the frontal lobe
Where is the post central gyrus found?
Posterior to the central sulcus
In the parietal lobe
Why is the pre central gyrus important?
It gives rise to a series of motor neurones
Why is the post central gyrus important?
Receives a whole series of sensory fibres
What are found inferior to the frontal lobe in a ventral view of the brain?
The olfactory tracts which are an extension of the central nervous system
What come off the inferior aspect of the hypothalamus?
2 mammillary bodies
What is found anterior to the mammillary bodies?
It is where the pituitary stalk would radiate from the hypothalamus
What do the 2 mammillary bodies form?
Part of the diencephalon
What are the cerebral peduncles?
They are an information highway
What is found between the cerebral peduncles?
The interpeduncular fossa
What runs through the interpeduncular fossa?
The Oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III)
Where do the Oculomotor nerves originate?
From the ponto midbrain junction
What connects the pons to the cerebellum?
The middle cerebellar peduncle
What are the 3 pairs of cerebral peduncles called?
- The superior cerebellar peduncle
- The middle cerebellar peduncle
- The inferior cerebellar peduncle
What connects the midbrain to the cerebellum?
The superior cerebellar peduncle
What connects the medulla to the cerebellum?
The inferior cerebellar peduncle
What anatomical term means “towards the front”?
Ventral
What anatomical term means “towards the head”?
Rostral
Which gyri is found Anterior to the central sulcus?
The precentral gyrus
What anatomical term means “towards the back”?
Dorsal
What anatomical term means “towards the tail”?
Caudal
What word can be used inter-changeable with ROSTRAL In humans?
Superior
Which gyrus is found Anterior to the central sulcus?
The post central gyrus
What word can be used inter-changeable with CAUDAL In humans?
Inferior
What word can be used inter-changeable with DORSAL In humans?
Posterior
What word can be used inter-changeable with VENTRAL In humans apart from in the brain?
Anterior
What originates from the Prosencephalon?
The cerebral hemisphere and the diencephalon
What originates from the Mesencephalon?
The midbrain
The midbrain pons and medulla form what?
The brainstem
What does the superior cerebellar peduncle do?
connects the midbrain to the cerebellum
What originates from the Metencephalon?
The pons and cerebellum
Where is the cerebellum?
Sits under the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres
It lies posterior to the brainstem
What lies Anterior to the central sulcus?
The frontal lobe
What does the inferior cerebellar peduncle do?
connects the medulla to the cerebellum
What lies Posterior to the central sulcus?
The parietal lobe
Which gyrus is found in the frontal lobe?
The pre central gyrus
Which lobe is situated most posterior in each cerebral hemisphere?
The occipital lobe
Which lobe is situated Inferior to the lateral sulcus?
The temporal lobe
Which gyrus is found in the parietal lobe?
The post central gyrus
What does the middle cerebellar peduncle do?
Connects the pons to the cerebellum
