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APM- The brain > Intact brain II- Meninges and blood supply > Flashcards

Intact brain II- Meninges and blood supply Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Describe the consistency of the brain

A

Soft like set custard

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2
Q

What is the brain protected by?

A
  1. Hair
  2. Skin
  3. Skull
  4. Meninges
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3
Q

What is the skull a collective term for?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Dense connective tissue
  3. occipito frontal muscle
  4. Loose connective tissue
  5. layer of periosteal
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4
Q

What does the subarachnoid space contain?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CNF)

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5
Q

Name the 3 layers of meninges

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid
  3. Pia mater
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6
Q

Describe the Dura mater

A

It is a tough fibrous membrane that forms the outer protective later
It can be divided into a periosteal and membranous layers

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7
Q

Where is the periosteal layer found

A

Tightly adhered to the underside of the skull

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8
Q

Describe the arachnoid

A

It is a thin delicate avascular layer

It is usually held again the inner layer of the dura mater by pressure in the underlying cerebrospinal fluid

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9
Q

What is the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid called?

A

It is a sub dural space

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10
Q

Describe the pia mater

A

It is a delicate vascular layer that is adherent to the surface of the CNS

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11
Q

What is the space between the the arachnoid and the pia mater called?

A

The subarachnoid space

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12
Q

What is the role of the CNF?

A
  1. To protect the CNS

2. To form a water jacket around the CNS

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13
Q

Where do the 3 meninges extend to?

A

Through then foramen magnum to the spinal cord

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14
Q

What are the 2 layer the dura mater can be split into called?

A
  1. The inner meninges layer

2. Outer periosteal layer

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15
Q

Where is the inner meninges layer?

A

Tightly lines the arachnoid

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16
Q

Where is the cute periosteal layer?

A

Tightly lines the underlying skull;;

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17
Q

The areas where the meningeal layer and periosteal layer of the dura are called what?

A

Dural sinuses

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18
Q

Why are dural sinuses important?

A

They are important in enabling venous blood to be drained from the brain to the internal jugular vein

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19
Q

How are dural sinuses formed?

A

When the inner meningeal layer comes way from the outer periosteal layer

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20
Q

What do the inner meningeal layers do when they separate from the periosteal layer?

A

Both the left and right meningeal layer converge and form a partition between the 2 cerebral hemisphere
This is the faix cerebri

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21
Q

What is the sinus above the fix cerebra called?

A

The superior sagittal sinus

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22
Q

Which veins empty into the superior sagittal sinus?

A

The superficial veins

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23
Q

The great cerebral vein receives blood from where?

A

The deep veins of the brain

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24
Q

What does the great cerebral veins empty into?

A

The straight sinus

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25
Q

Where do the straight sinus and superior sagittal sinus converge into

A

They converge into the confluence of the sinuses

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26
Q

What comes out of the confluence of sinuses?

A

The left and tight transverse sinuses

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27
Q

Where do the transverse sinuses run?

A

They travel laterally along the root of the tentorium cerebelli

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28
Q

What do the transverse sinuses become?

A

The sigmoid sinuses

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29
Q

Where do the sigmoid sinuses run?

A

To the jugular veins

30
Q

Which foramen does the jugular vein pass through?

A

The jugular foramen

31
Q

What connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres?

A

The corpus callosum

32
Q

Describe the corpus callosum

A

It is a thick bad of white matter that separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres

33
Q

Where does the fair cerebri extend from and to?

A

It extends from the Crista galli anterior to the internal occipital protuberance posterior

34
Q

What does the fair cerebri give rise to?

A

The sagittal sinus

35
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

A horizontal dural fold that separates the occipital folds from the cerebella hemispheres

36
Q

How is the CNF in the sub arachnoid space recycles into the venous system?

A

Arachnoid granulations (villi)

37
Q

What are Arachnoid granulations (villi)

A

By specialised finger like projections

38
Q

Name the 2 pairs of arteries that supply blood to the brain

A
  1. Internal carotid arteries

2. Vertebral arteries

39
Q

Describe the path the internal common carotid artery takes to get to the brain

A
  1. Common carotid artery bifurcates into the internal and external common carotid arteries
  2. The internal common carotid artery runs up the neck and passes through the carotid canal to get to the skull
40
Q

What does the internal common carotid artery do oceanarium its in the brain?

A

Ir runs slightly anteriorly and gives rise to the middle cerebral artery and forms the circle of willis

41
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries ascend

A

Ascend through foramena in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae
Then goes into the skull through the foramen magnum on the ventral sept of the medulla oblongata

42
Q

What happens to the vertebral arteries once they enter the skull?

A

They fuse together to form the basilar arteries

43
Q

Where do the basilar arteries run?

A

Ventral aspect of the pons

44
Q

Which arteries comes off the vertebral arteries?

A
  1. Posterior inferior cerebella artery

2. The Anterior spinal artery

45
Q

What comes off the vertebral arteries?

A

The Anterior spinal artery

46
Q

Where does Anterior spinal artery run

A

Run cordially down the spinal cord

47
Q

Which arteries come off the basilar arteries

A
  1. The anterior inferior cerebella arteries
  2. The pontine branches
  3. Labyrinthine arteries
  4. The superior cerebella arteries
48
Q

Name the 3 pairs of arteries that supply the cerebella

A
  1. Posterior inferior cerebella artery
  2. The anterior inferior cerebella arteries
  3. The superior cerebella arteries
49
Q

What does the basilar artery bifurcate into?

A

The posterior cerebral arteries

50
Q

How does the internal carotid artery become the middle cerebral artery

A

It runs slight anterior then quickly runs laterally to become the middle cerebral artery

51
Q

What foe the internal carotid artery become?

A

The middle cerebral artery

52
Q

What connect the middle cerebral artery to the posterior cerebral artery?

A

2 slender arteries called posterior communication arteries

53
Q

Name the 3 pairs of arteries that supply the cerebrum

A
  1. The posterior cerebral arteries
  2. The middle cerebral artery
  3. The anterior cerebral artery
54
Q

Which arteries come off anteriorly from the middle cerebral artery?

A

The anterior cerebral artery these extend forwards and then travel over the corpus calosum

55
Q

What percentage of the blood to the brain is supplied by the vertebral arteries?

A

30%

56
Q

What percentage of the blood to the brain is supplied by the common carotid arteries?

A

70%

57
Q

What does the posterior inferior cerebella artery supply?

A

The posterior inferior portion of the cerebellum

58
Q

What does the anterior inferior cerebella artery supply?

A

The anterior inferior portion of the cerebellum

59
Q

What does the superior cerebella artery supply?

A

The superior portion of the cerebellum

60
Q

Where does bifurcation of the basilar artery occur?

A

At the point midbrain section

61
Q

What do the anterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

Majority of the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere

And about a cm of the lateral surface

62
Q

What do the middle cerebral arteries supply?

A

Majority of the lateral surface

63
Q

What do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

Majority of the underside of the temporal lobe

And the majority of the temporal lobe

64
Q

What is the faix cerebri?

A

The partition formed by the convergence of the left and right meningeal layers in the dura
This separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres

65
Q

Where do deep veins drain into?

A

The great cerebral vein

66
Q

Where is the superior sagittal sinus found?

A

Above the faix cerebri

67
Q

What empties into the straight sinus?

A

The great cerebral vein

68
Q

What is the confluence of the sinuses?

A

Where the straight sinus and superior sagittal sinus converge into

69
Q

Where do the superficial veins drain into?

A

The superior sagittal sinus

70
Q

What to the left and right transverse sinuses receive blood from?

A

The confluence of sinuses

71
Q

Which sinuses empty into the jugular veins?

A

The sigmoid sinuses

APM- The brain (3 decks)

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