The Instructional Process (Cirrus)

Question 1

cloze procedures

Answer 1

the process of imitating words from the text as a reading comprehension activity

Question 2

concept learning

Answer 2

a form of learning that involves classifying information by topic

Question 3

concept mapping

Answer 3

the practice of using graphic organizers to present thoughts or information

Question 4

constructivism

Answer 4

students construct their own knowledge through learning experiences

Question 5

behaviorism

Answer 5

describes how rewards and punishments condition student behavior and learning

Question 6

deductive reasoning

Answer 6

conclusions are drawn by using known information and narrowing it to a specific circumstance

Question 7

direct teaching

Answer 7

centered on the teacher and instruction is based on spreading facts

Question 8

discovery learning

Answer 8

students perform experiments or research information to comprehend new concepts

Question 9

enrichment

Answer 9

opportunity to learn objectives at a deeper level than outlined in the curriculum standards

Question 10

experiential learning

Answer 10

happens through experiences and may include hands-on learning

Question 11

explicit teaching

Answer 11

centers on focused and unambiguous teaching of a specific skill or standard

Question 12

generalize

Answer 12

the practice of applying what is known from a small sample and assuming it to be true about a larger group

Question 13

guided practice

Answer 13

students practice a new concept with scaffolded support from the teacher

Question 14

indirect teaching

Answer 14

student-centered instruction in which the teacher facilitates opportunities for students to construct their own learning

Question 15

inductive reasoning

Answer 15

likely conclusions drawn by putting together known concepts and applying them to a new situation

Question 16

integrative framework

Answer 16

entails a plan for achieving goals in all subject areas by combining content across disciplines

Question 17

interactive learning

Answer 17

relies heavily on social interactions and cooperative grouping

Question 18

interdisciplinary unit

Answer 18

unit of study in which content from all subject areas is integrated

Question 19

mapping

Answer 19

graphically organizing thoughts by starting with a main idea and organizing thoughts and ideas around the main idea

Question 20

peer practice

Answer 20

using social interaction among students to promote learning goals

Question 21

listening guides

Answer 21

statements or questions that provide instructional focus when listening to a lecture or other form of auditory instruction

Question 22

reading guides

Answer 22

statements or questions that lead students through the text, providing instructional focus

Question 23

reciprocal determinism

Answer 23

behavior is determined by a combination of cognitive factors, the environment, and stimuli

Question 24

reflective listening

Answer 24

the teacher hears a speaker and then repeats back the meaning behind their words in order to clarify understanding

Question 25

remediation

Answer 25

additional support provided to regular education students to bridge gaps in learning

Question 26

scaffolds

Answer 26

the supports that allow a child to work above their independent level and are gradually removed as the learner gains mastery

Question 27

schema

Answer 27

framework of understanding in a child’s brain

Question 28

scope

Answer 28

outlines the learning objectives that will be taught to students, including all supporting standards and level of complexity

Question 29

sequence

Answer 29

the order in which learning objectives are taught to maximize student success

Question 30

vicarious learning

Answer 30

learning by observing the consequences to others that evoke emotion from the observer

Question 31

vocal inflection

Answer 31

change of pitch or tone to express meaning

Question 32

vocal stress

Answer 32

emphasizing a word or words to convey meaning

Question 33

vocal tone

Answer 33

certain way of sounding that expresses meaning