The Instructional Process (Cirrus) Flashcards
cloze procedures
the process of imitating words from the text as a reading comprehension activity
concept learning
a form of learning that involves classifying information by topic
concept mapping
the practice of using graphic organizers to present thoughts or information
constructivism
students construct their own knowledge through learning experiences
behaviorism
describes how rewards and punishments condition student behavior and learning
deductive reasoning
conclusions are drawn by using known information and narrowing it to a specific circumstance
direct teaching
centered on the teacher and instruction is based on spreading facts
discovery learning
students perform experiments or research information to comprehend new concepts
enrichment
opportunity to learn objectives at a deeper level than outlined in the curriculum standards
experiential learning
happens through experiences and may include hands-on learning
explicit teaching
centers on focused and unambiguous teaching of a specific skill or standard
generalize
the practice of applying what is known from a small sample and assuming it to be true about a larger group
guided practice
students practice a new concept with scaffolded support from the teacher
indirect teaching
student-centered instruction in which the teacher facilitates opportunities for students to construct their own learning
inductive reasoning
likely conclusions drawn by putting together known concepts and applying them to a new situation
integrative framework
entails a plan for achieving goals in all subject areas by combining content across disciplines
interactive learning
relies heavily on social interactions and cooperative grouping
interdisciplinary unit
unit of study in which content from all subject areas is integrated
mapping
graphically organizing thoughts by starting with a main idea and organizing thoughts and ideas around the main idea
peer practice
using social interaction among students to promote learning goals
listening guides
statements or questions that provide instructional focus when listening to a lecture or other form of auditory instruction
reading guides
statements or questions that lead students through the text, providing instructional focus
reciprocal determinism
behavior is determined by a combination of cognitive factors, the environment, and stimuli
reflective listening
the teacher hears a speaker and then repeats back the meaning behind their words in order to clarify understanding
remediation
additional support provided to regular education students to bridge gaps in learning
scaffolds
the supports that allow a child to work above their independent level and are gradually removed as the learner gains mastery
schema
framework of understanding in a child’s brain
scope
outlines the learning objectives that will be taught to students, including all supporting standards and level of complexity
sequence
the order in which learning objectives are taught to maximize student success
vicarious learning
learning by observing the consequences to others that evoke emotion from the observer
vocal inflection
change of pitch or tone to express meaning
vocal stress
emphasizing a word or words to convey meaning
vocal tone
certain way of sounding that expresses meaning
