Students as Learners (Cirrus)

Question 1

metacognition

Answer 1

thinking about the learning process

Question 2

operant conditioning

Answer 2

provides rewards or punishment as a motivation for desired performance

Question 3

classical conditioning

Answer 3

learning a response to stimuli or the environment

Question 4

attribution theory

Answer 4

external and internal
if someone makes a mistake they’ll think the cause is external but if others make mistakes, they’ll think the cause is internal

Question 5

basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS)

Answer 5

conversational English

Question 6

cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP)

Answer 6

a student’s ability to comprehend academic vocabulary in English

Question 7

cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 7

uneasiness is felt when an individual has conflicting thoughts

Question 8

cognitive domain

Answer 8

deals with acquiring intellect/knowledge

Question 9

cognitive processes

Answer 9

involve acquiring new knowledge and skills and being able to apply new learning to new situations and draw conclusions from it

Question 10

differentiation

Answer 10

providing curricula for students based on their individual needs, including learning styles and level

Question 11

Thorndike’s law of effect

Answer 11

ties learning to rewards and punishments

Question 12

Thorndike’s law of exercise

Answer 12

what is not practiced lose strength

Question 13

Thorndike’s law of readiness

Answer 13

individuals will learn when they are ready; rushing causes resistance

Question 14

IEP

Answer 14

individualized lesson plan
outlines the student’s learning goals and identifies the accommodation and modifications that will be offered to the student
annual meeting for each SPED student

Question 15

intellectually gifted

Answer 15

students with an IQ greater than 130

Question 16

moral domain

Answer 16

deals with the acquisition of morals and values

Question 17

psychomotor/physical domain

Answer 17

deals with all aspects of motor skill development

Question 18

positive reinforcement

Answer 18

encouraging a behavior to continue or improve by providing the student with something he or she values
Ex: praise, recognition, or rewards

Question 19

negative reinforcement

Answer 19

something unpleasant is taken away in response to a wanted behavior

Question 20

affective/social domain

Answer 20

includes emotions, motivation, and attitudes

Question 21

zone of proximal development (ZPD)

Answer 21

the space between what a child can of independently and the learning goal

Question 22

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

Answer 22

1. sensorimotor
2. peoperational
3. concrete operational
4. formal operational

Question 23

sensorimotor stage

Answer 23

0-2 years old

infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

develop object permanence

Question 24

pre operational stage

Answer 24

2-7 years old

a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

symbolic play, can’t abstractly or see from another’s perspective

Question 25

concrete operational stage

Answer 25

7-11 years old

children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

thinking logically, making inferences, viewing thing from more than one perspective

Question 26

formal operational stage

Answer 26

11-adulthood

think abstractly, transfer knowledge, mentally process information

Question 27

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

Answer 27

1. pre conventional
2. conventional
3. post conventional

Question 28

pre-conventional morality

Answer 28

the child’s behavior is governed by the consequences of the behavior

stage 1: child behaves to avoid punishment
stage 2: more than one POV and authority isn’t always right

Question 29

conventional morality

Answer 29

the child’s behavior is governed by conforming to the society’s norms of behavior

stage 3: child behaves to be socially accepted
stage 4: child behaves to feel good about doing his part to keep society running smoothly

Question 30

post-conventional morality

Answer 30

the person’s behavior is governed by moral principles that have been decided on by the individual and that may be in disagreement with accepted social norms

stage 5: laws are usually in the best interest of society but there are times when individual circumstances create a gray area
stage 6: people determine what is right or wrong based on their own moral principles; not concerned about fitting in or consequences; not everyone reaches this stage