The Industrial Revolution - Inventions and The Domestic System Flashcards
Who invented The Flying Shuttle and in what year?
John Kay, 1733
Describe the Flying Shuttle
This invention attached the shuttle to a cord which automatically moved it across the loom.
Who invented The Spinning Jenny and in what year?
James Hargreaves, 1764
Describe The Spinning Jenny
This invention meant that up to eight threads could be spun at once and sped up the process of spinning.
Who invented The Water Frame and in what year?
Richard Arkwright, 1769
Describe The Water Frame
It involved three sets of paired rollers that turned at different speeds.
Who invented The Spinning Mule and in what year?
Samuel Crompton, 1779
What two inventions where combined to make The Spinning Mule?
It combined the moving carriage of the Spinning Jenny with the rollers of the Water Frame.
Who invented The Power Loom and in what year?
Edmund Cartwright, 1785
What type of thread was produced by the Spinning Mule?
The mule produced a strong, fine and soft yarn which could be used in all kinds of textiles.
Name an advantage of the Spinning Mule from the perspective of the spinner?
It gave the spinner more control over the weaving process
Which invention could be driven by new steam engines?
The Spinning Mule could also be driven by the new steam engines so were good additions to the new factories.
Which invention needed a large factory with enough space for the steam engine to power it?
The Power Loom needed enough space for the steam engine to power it and was needed to be placed in big factories.
What was the main advantage of the Power Loom?
It increased the production and quality of textiles.
Which invention ended small home manufacturing (the Domestic System)?
The Water Frame led to the opening of Spinning factories and ended small home manufacturing (the Domestic System).
What was the first powered, automatic and continuous textile machine?
The Water Frame
What was the main advantage of The Water Frame?
It produced a thread that is far stronger and solved the problem of weak threads.
What was the main disadvantage of The Water Frame?
It was too difficult to be operated by hand and needed to be powered by waterwheels.
What was the main advantage of The Spinning Jenny?
One advantage of this invention is that the machine could be easily operated and could be controlled by an unskilled man or even children.
What was the main disadvantage of The Spinning Jenny?
One problem with this invention was that the thread could be weak.
What was the main advantage of The Flying Shuttle?
A weaver could produce much wider cloth at faster speeds than before.
What was the main disadvantage of The Flying Shuttle?
It needed a skilled person to operate the machine.
What was the Domestic System?
Until about 1750 people made cloth in their own homes. This was called the domestic system.
What were the main stages of the Domestic System?
- The raw wool product was taken to outworkers to make cloth.
- The family would work together side by side. Usually, women would spin the cloth and men would weave it.
- At the end of the week a merchant would collect the finished cloth, pay the workers and then sell the cloth for profit
What were the 3 main stages of making cloth in the Domestic System?
- carding
- spinning
- weaving
What raw materials were used to make cloth in the Domestic System?
- wool
- cotton
- silk
- flax
