the individual and the group

Question 1

social identity theory

Answer 1

• tajfel 1971
• way someone thinks about themselves in relation to groups
• a person’s sense of self of who they are is based on their membership to social groups

Question 2

social identity theory
1. categorization

Answer 2

• organizing objects and people into groups
• old, young, bus driver, asian etc
• group membership = following the groups norms of behaviour

Question 3

social identity theory
2. social identification

Answer 3

• adopt the identity of the group
• if categorized as a student, conforming to those norms
• self esteem linked, define who you are

Question 4

social identity theory
3. social comparison

Answer 4

• comparing your group with others
• to maintain or improve self-esteem, group needs to compare well with others
• how prejudice forms, groups identify as rivals compete and compare to improve self esteem

Question 5

social cognitive theory

Answer 5

• behaviour is modelled by other members of a group
• behaviours are acquired through observation and imitated based on the consequences/rewards of the behaviour

Question 6

reinforcement

Answer 6

• can be positive or negative, external or internal

Question 7

self efficacy

Answer 7

• perception of chance of success based on previous experience
• low self efficacy = may not try

Question 8

evaluation of social cognitive theory

Answer 8

• explains why children raised in a bad home environment tend to take on those same traits
• media influences people

Question 9

stereotype

Answer 9

• fixed, overgeneralized belief about a particular group of people
• can be positive or negative, fail to consider any variations as individuals
• can also be considered a schema
• helps us to avoid information overload

Question 10

social identity theory
formation of stereotypes

Answer 10

• categorizing in groups and out groups
• positive stereotype of in and negative of out

Question 11

theory of illusory correlations
formation of stereotypes

Answer 11

• as a result of illusory correlations

Question 12

availability heuristic
formation of stereotypes

Answer 12

• more easily an event is retried more likely to overestimate frequency

Question 13

confirmation bias
formation of stereotypes

Answer 13

• ignore examples of events that go against the established stereotype

Question 14

gatekeeper theory

Answer 14

• campbell 1967
• stereotypes formed from 2 sources
• own experiences with that group, learn from others
• small amount of evidence that gets exaggerated and generalized

Question 15

steps of social identity theory

Answer 15

• categorisation
• social identification
• social comparison