The Impact of unification on the south Flashcards
What was exported from the south of Italy?
Agriculture was the main industry, with fruit and olives being exported and silk produced in cottages
What hampered the growth of industry in the south?
They did not have access to water like the north did with the Alps
What were the 3 dividing factors after 1871?
- Social and Economic problems
- Papacy
- Political disunity and irredentism
What did unification lead to?
The removal of tariffs which had protected industry in the south
What were the effects of tariffs being removed in the south?
Collapse of industries, such as silk, this caused widespread de-industrialsation, whilst boosting the cotton and wool industry in the north.
Why were taxes increased?
Italy needed to pay for the wars. Money invested mainly in public works and military in the North
When was Grist Tax introduced, what was it?
1869
Taxed to grind wheat into flour
What was infant mortality in the south of Italy in 1871?
22.7% died before their 1st birthday
50% died before their 5th birthday
Why was the south poorer?
Poverty, unemployment, higher taxes and lack of land led to seasonal migration.
Where did Italians migrate to?
USA, South America or Argentina
In 1871 how many Italian emigrated
120,000 Italians
What was the Law of Guarantees, when was it issued?
1870
Issued by the state, gave the Pope the status of Monarch, but even this did not fully appease the church.
What did the Law of Guarantees do?
- Gave the pope his own postal service, full religious powers,
- His representatives at the Vatican had full diplomatic status
- £3,225,000 lire per year as compensation for the loss of lands.
What did Pius declare himself as?
“a prisoner in the Vatican”
Why was the Law of Guarantees important?
It reassured the international community that the Church’s rights were protected. As a result all major powers recognized the seizure of Rome, sending representatives to the monarch’s new official residence.
What was the Monarch’s new residence called?
the Quirinale Palace in Rome
What did the church stand against?
Liberalism, Modernity and Secularism
From 1870 where were the two courts in the Vatican?
One in Rome in the Quirinale Palace and one at the Vatican
What else did the church do that weakened Italy?
Formed Social organizations, and Catholics refused to take part in the political process. This meant there was no mass conservative party.
What % could vote, what % chose to vote?
2.2% could vote but of this only 60% voted as Catholics and republicans boycotted
What were the names of the 2 chambers made up by the Italian Parliament?
Chamber of Deputies and Senate
What was the role of deputies?
Deputies were elected to represent their constituencies
In 1871 what was the size of the electorate?
2.2% or 500,000 could vote but of this only 60% voted as Catholics and republicans boycotted
How were politicians organized?
There was no party system, factions were formed around influential politicians
