The Impact of unification on the south

Question 1

What was exported from the south of Italy?

Answer 1

Agriculture was the main industry, with fruit and olives being exported and silk produced in cottages

Question 2

What hampered the growth of industry in the south?

Answer 2

They did not have access to water like the north did with the Alps

Question 3

What were the 3 dividing factors after 1871?

Answer 3

1. Social and Economic problems
2. Papacy
3. Political disunity and irredentism

Question 4

What did unification lead to?

Answer 4

The removal of tariffs which had protected industry in the south

Question 5

What were the effects of tariffs being removed in the south?

Answer 5

Collapse of industries, such as silk, this caused widespread de-industrialsation, whilst boosting the cotton and wool industry in the north.

Question 6

Why were taxes increased?

Answer 6

Italy needed to pay for the wars. Money invested mainly in public works and military in the North

Question 7

When was Grist Tax introduced, what was it?

Answer 7

1869
Taxed to grind wheat into flour

Question 8

What was infant mortality in the south of Italy in 1871?

Answer 8

22.7% died before their 1st birthday
50% died before their 5th birthday

Question 9

Why was the south poorer?

Answer 9

Poverty, unemployment, higher taxes and lack of land led to seasonal migration.

Question 10

Where did Italians migrate to?

Answer 10

USA, South America or Argentina

Question 11

In 1871 how many Italian emigrated

Answer 11

120,000 Italians

Question 12

What was the Law of Guarantees, when was it issued?

Answer 12

1870
Issued by the state, gave the Pope the status of Monarch, but even this did not fully appease the church.

Question 13

What did the Law of Guarantees do?

Answer 13

• Gave the pope his own postal service, full religious powers,
• His representatives at the Vatican had full diplomatic status
• £3,225,000 lire per year as compensation for the loss of lands.

Question 14

What did Pius declare himself as?

Answer 14

“a prisoner in the Vatican”

Question 15

Why was the Law of Guarantees important?

Answer 15

It reassured the international community that the Church’s rights were protected. As a result all major powers recognized the seizure of Rome, sending representatives to the monarch’s new official residence.

Question 16

What was the Monarch’s new residence called?

Answer 16

the Quirinale Palace in Rome

Question 17

What did the church stand against?

Answer 17

Liberalism, Modernity and Secularism

Question 18

From 1870 where were the two courts in the Vatican?

Answer 18

One in Rome in the Quirinale Palace and one at the Vatican

Question 19

What else did the church do that weakened Italy?

Answer 19

Formed Social organizations, and Catholics refused to take part in the political process. This meant there was no mass conservative party.

Question 20

What % could vote, what % chose to vote?

Answer 20

2.2% could vote but of this only 60% voted as Catholics and republicans boycotted

Question 21

What were the names of the 2 chambers made up by the Italian Parliament?

Answer 21

Chamber of Deputies and Senate

Question 22

What was the role of deputies?

Answer 22

Deputies were elected to represent their constituencies

Question 23

In 1871 what was the size of the electorate?

Answer 23

2.2% or 500,000 could vote but of this only 60% voted as Catholics and republicans boycotted

Question 24

How were politicians organized?

Answer 24

There was no party system, factions were formed around influential politicians

Question 25

What type of people were those on ‘the right’, what did they support?

Answer 25

Generally from the North and often aristocratic. They supported the monarchy and the process of improving Italy.

Question 26

What type of people were those on ‘the left’, what did they support?

Answer 26

Were normally from middle class and the south. Tended to be more anti-clerical and were keener for an extension of the franchise.

Question 27

Name a republican uprising that happened after unification

Answer 27

On 24th May 1870 a Mazzinian called Barsanti led an attack on army barracks in Pavia

Question 28

What phrase did republicans use in uprisings after unification?

Answer 28

“Long live Rome, long live the Republic, down with the Monarchy”

Question 29

What happened to Barsanti?

Answer 29

He was arrested and shot despite a petition of 40,000 calling for him to be pardoned

Question 30

What did Irredentists promote?

Answer 30

The unification of geographical areas which indigenous Italians and Italian-Speaking persons formed a majority, or substantial minority of the population.

Question 31

Which group was most likely to have irredentist beliefs?

Answer 31

Republicans

Question 32

What did irredentists in the North want?

Answer 32

To free Italians living under Hasburg Rule, such as Trentino, Istria and Trieste.

Question 33

What was another area Irredentists wanted to reclaim?

Answer 33

Wanted to free Rome and use the rebirth of Italy to create Imperial power in the Mediterranean e.g. Corsica, Malta and the Dalmatian coast.

Question 34

What did those on the left want, what did Crispi do about this?

Answer 34

Wanted to agitate France and in 1870 Crispi called for a return of Nice and Savoy to Italian control.

Question 35

In 1870 how big was the army?

Answer 35

215,000 with 2 million reserves

Question 36

When was the Brigands War?

Answer 36

1861-65

Question 37

How many solider was Carmine a Rocco defeated by?

Answer 37

120,000

Question 38

Where was the Olive industry based

Answer 38

Apullia

Question 39

How long were the railways?

Answer 39

2773km

Question 40

Which two states had no railway?

Answer 40

Sicily and Sardinia

Question 41

How much of his land did the pope lose?

Answer 41

2/3

Question 42

By 1866 how much did debt take up of the deficit?

How much produce was used for debt repayment?

Answer 42

60%

30%

Question 43

How many were employed by industry in 1861?

Answer 43

3 million - 80% women and children