the impact of the Nazi regime on life in Germany, including cultural expression, religion, workers, youth, women, minorities including Jews Flashcards
What was the impact on cultural expression?
Censorship!
(Gleishaltung and anti-semitism)
Reich chamber of culture created by Goebbels
- regulates the press, radio, theatre, film, visual arts, and literature
- 20,000 un-German, pacifists, anti-nazi or Jewish literature burned in 1933
purpose was to promote the aryanisation of German culture
purify it of Jewish influence
promote German nationalism for the glory of war
Summary:
Censorship over the cultural expression played an important role in indoctrinating the German people and eliminating opposition
How was Religion impacted
Cult of personality!
(fuhrerprinzip and anti-religion)
Nazism was not just a political movement but a religion that saw Christianity as a direct challenge
1933 Nazis and the catholic church negotiated a concordat with Hitler which Hitler soon broke
Attempted to bring protests churches under control of the evangelical Reich church
Summary: 1933 1 third of the population were catholic and two thirds were protestant. But with the Nazis failed attempt to remove the the catholic church concordat, church attendance was still quite high
(limited impact)
what was the impact on workers?
(Volksgmeinschaft, Autarky, and Lebensruam)
- Had to improve economy for autarky and lebsenruam this was achieved by commissioning state funded works
- unemployment relief act which implemented the national labour service (increased working hours)
May 1933 trade unions were abolished and replaced by the German labour front this set up wages and conditions for employees (set up subsidary organisation, strength through joy which provided opportunities for sport, recreation and holidays for workers)
Summary: Jews, communists, and socialists were forced out of government jobs and encourage women to leave
Workers grievances brought about poor wages and a lack of consumer goods did manifest itself in strikes, absences, and sabotage within the workplace
despite the negatives, majority of the German workers continued to remain loyal to hitler as he had fulfilled his promise to reduce unemployment and strengthen the economy
How was youth impacted?
(Aryan purity, militarism, volskgemeinschaft, gleichshaltung)
- Aim was to create a racially pure Germany by indoctrinating the minds of young Germans
- Also aimed to develop fit and well trained soldiers mothers whose children would become those soldiers
Hitler Jugend
- After 1933 all other organisations were banned
- compulsory for 14-18 year olds, 7.2 million in 1939
Bund Deutscher mädel
Educational/propaganda
- indoctrination
Summary:
Indoctrination through education and nazi youth groups to indicate the ideals of duty, strength, courage, and obedience. By 1939, 7, million young Germans were member of youth organisation
How were women impacted?
(Volksgemeinschaft, Aryan Purity)
German womens league: propaganda body to promote domestic role of women “children, church, and kitchen”
Education: girls taught for future role of motherhood and caring for husband
summary: returned to their subservient, traditional role of wife and motherhood, were excluded from politics and workforce
banned from intermarriage
How were minorities including Jews impacted?
(Aryan purity, anti-semitism, lebensraum, volgemeinschaft)
- Boycott Jewish business
- Law for the restoration of the professional civil service (Jews removed from politics)
- Nuremberg laws (Germans and jews could not marry and jews stripped of citizenship)
Propaganda
- Der stürmer magazine was anti-semitic
Kristallnacht (November 1938)
- widespread attacks on Jewish properties and synagogues sanctioned by the government, 1000 shops and business were looted
Summary:
Jews removed from society
vilification, discrimination, separation, extermination,
Gipises were subject to nazis racial laws
were deported East and sent to concentration camps
Homosexuals 15,000 sent to concentration camps
