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Germany > The Impact of the Depression > Flashcards

The Impact of the Depression Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Wall street crash?

A

sudden collapse of the stock market in New York

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2
Q

what did America stop sending Germany after the wall street crash?

A

loans

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3
Q

what did American banks demand off Germany after the Wall street crash?

A

immediate repayment of their short-term loans.

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4
Q

between 1929-32 how much did Germany’s exports decline by?

A

61%

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5
Q

between 1929-32 how much did Germany’s industrial production fall?

A

58%

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6
Q

between 1929-32 how much did Britain’s industrial production fall?

A

11%

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7
Q

By 1932 how many German workers were registered as unemployed after the depression?

A

1/3 of German workers

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8
Q

why does the registered amount of German workers unemployed not reflect the true scale?

A

many redundant workers inc. women didn’t register and weren’t counted.

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9
Q

In Jan 1933 what was the true number of people unemployed?

A

8 million.

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10
Q

What happened in the farming industry after the depression?

A
  • prices collapsed
  • exports of agricultural produce fell
  • sales of food fell
  • some gave up their farms
  • farm labourers lost their jobs
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11
Q

What began appearing on the edge of large cities after the depression?

A

shanty towns

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12
Q

Why did diseases increase after the depression?

A

malnutrition and poor living conditions.

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13
Q

What did gov do from 1930 to the benefits?

A

limited the amount paid - unemployed only entitled to benefits for a fixed period.

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14
Q

What law was passed on May 1932 on women?

A

It allowed married women + civil servants to be dismissed.

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15
Q

How many married women did the Reich postal service unemploy in 1932?

A

10,000

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16
Q

What was the unemployment rate of 14-15yr olds in Hamburg 1933?

A

Male = 39%
Female = 25.9%

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17
Q

What crime increased during the Depression?

A

Juvenile - theft grew

18
Q

Who did the KPD recruit and why?

A

working-class youths
To join political demonstrations + engage in street battles.

19
Q

What did the HJ offer unemployed boys?

A

food, shelter, uniforms to relieve boredom.

20
Q

What schemes were put in place to help the young unemployed after the depression?

A
  • Day centres - participate in work related activities + socialise.
  • Emergency Labour Schemes
  • Voluntary Labour Schemes
21
Q

Emergency Labour Schemes

A

required to undertake unskilled manual labour, receiving wages that were below legal minimum.

22
Q

What evidence suggests that the Emergency Labour Schemes were unpopular?

A

Oct 1930 + June 1932 strikes for higher wages.

23
Q

Voluntary labour schemes

A

young unemployed sent away from cities to residential work camps for 6 months.

24
Q

Where the schemes to help young unemployed effective?

A

not really as they still struggled finding permanent employment.

25
Q

How many of their men did the Nazis claim were killed by clashes with the Communists?

A

29

26
Q

How many of their men did the Communists claim were killed by clashes with the Nazis?

A

92

27
Q

What violence increase dramatically between 1930-33?

A

political violence

28
Q

What did Burning’s decree ban in Dec 1931?

A

the wearing of political uniforms but it had little effect on the SA.

29
Q

What was Hindenburg persuaded to sign in 1932?

A

a decree outlawing the SA.

30
Q

Why did the decree Hindenburg signed in 1932 fail?

A

SA’s membership grew + by end 1932 estimated to have 400,000 members.

31
Q

Who led the Grand Coalition?

A

Hermann Muller

32
Q

What split the Grand Coalition?

A

serious deficit of the state budget- DVP wanted to decrease unemployment benefits whilst SPD wanted to protect the levels of benefits + raise taxes.

33
Q

When did Muller resign?

A

March 1930

34
Q

Henrich Bruning

A

leader of centre party

35
Q

Who influenced Hindenburg to appointed Bruning?

A

General Groener + General Schleicher

36
Q

Why did Hindenburg, Groener + Schleicher appoint Bruning?

A

they wanted a more authoritarian style of government

37
Q

What party did Bruning’s coalition exclude? What did this mean?

A
  • the SPD (largest party in the Reichstag)
  • that his gov didn’t have enough support in Reichstag to pass laws.
38
Q

What did Bruning’s gov have to rely on to rule after March 1930?

A

Presidential decree

39
Q

What was Bruning’s response to the depression?

A

cut expenditure and raise taxes to balance the budget

40
Q

What did Bruning persuade Hindenburg to issue? Did it happen?

A

Article 48 on passing the budget into law.
No as the SPD won Reichstag support demanding the decree to be withdrawn.

41
Q

What were the results in the election that Bruning called?

A
  • communists gained over 1mil + 77 seats.
  • Nazis gained 6.5 mil + 107 seats.

Germany (2 decks)

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