The immune system (chapter 5)

Question 1

PAMP, DAMPs

Answer 1

substances released from injured and narcotise cells = danger associated molecular patterns
pamps - conserved microbial structure on the outside of cells

Question 2

Pattern recognition receptors (on the actual human)

Answer 2

TLRs - surface receptors recognised bacterial receptors (like LPS) - endosomal TLRs recognise viral and bacterial RNA/DNA
NOD like receptors (NOD-1) (NOD-2) –> activate caspases and the inflammasome –> IL-1
Manose receptors - recognise microbial sugars

Question 3

Adaptive immune system

Answer 3

lymphocytes and produces
Humoral - antibodies produced by B-lymphocytes
Cellular - T lymphocytes

Question 4

T lymphocytes

Answer 4

recognise antigens presented on MHC via the tCR

Question 5

MHC

Answer 5

encoded by a cluster of genes on chromosome 6
Class one MHC. = expressed on all nucleated cells encoded y three loci (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C) each conoids of polympohrib alpha chain non covalently associated with invariant B3 micro globulin peptide (encoded by chromosome 15)
in general display peptide derived from protein antigens present on the cytosol of the cells

Class 2 MHC - encoded by genes in the HLA-D region - three subregions DP, Dq and DR
- heterodimers of alpha and B subunits. MHC 2 only on a few cell types (antigen presenting cells)

Inherit the HLA genes from a parent together. Therefore chance of haring HLA subtype with siblings is 25%

Question 6

NK cells

Answer 6

innate immune cells - functional w/o prior activation and do not express variable clonal distributed receptors for antigens 
Inhibitory receptors - recognised MHC class 1 
Activating receptors - recognise molecules expressed or unregulated on stressed or infected cells 

Also produce IFN-gamma which activates macrophages

Question 7

B-lymphocytes

Question 8

Dendritic cells

Answer 8

APC.

located under epithelium’s and in the interstitial of all tissues (DCs in the epidermis = lagerhans xells0