The Immune System

Question 1

What is innate immunity mediated by in inverts and verts?

Answer 1

Physical and chemical barriers, and cell-based defenses.

Question 2

How are innate immune responses activated?

Answer 2

By recognition proteins specific for broad classes of pathogens.

Question 3

Microbes that penetrate barrier defenses are ingested by _____ cells, which in vertebrates include _____ and ______

Answer 3

phagocytic, macrophages (a large phagocytic cell found in stationary form in the tissues or as a mobile white blood cell, especially at sites of infection), and dendritic cells (ntigen-presenting cells (also known as accessory cells) of the mammalian immune system).

Question 4

Histamines are an _____ response at the injury site, and promite changes in _________ that enhance immune cell access and action.

Answer 4

inflammatory, blood vessels.