The immune response

Question 1

defence mechanisms

Answer 1

physical and chemical, inflammation, specific immune response

Question 2

the body’s own cells

Answer 2

self

Question 3

foreign cells

Answer 3

non-self

Question 4

cells identified as non-self

Answer 4

-pathogens
-abnormal body cells (cancer or pathogen-infected cells)
-toxins
-cells from other individuals

Question 5

antigens

Answer 5

surface molecules used by the body to identify cells

Question 6

what is found in phospholipid bilayer to identify cells

Answer 6

specific molecules on surface of cells that allow them to be identified. they are usually proteins such as glycoproteins (but can be glycolipids)

Question 7

antigens - unique

Answer 7

antigens are unique to the microorganisms which allow cell-to-cell recognition

Question 8

where are antigens found

Answer 8

-cell surface membranes, bacterial cell walls or surfaces of viruses
-some glycoproteins/lipids act as antigens

Question 9

self antigens

Answer 9

produced by the organisms own body cells –> don’t stimulate immune response

Question 10

non-self antigens

Answer 10

not produced by organisms own body cells –> stimulate an immune response

Question 11

what is antigen variability due to

Answer 11

antigens present on surface change frequently due to genetic mutations

Question 12

problems due to antigen variability

Answer 12

immune response is specific and no longer complementary to antigen

Question 12

phagocytes produced and stored

Answer 12

bone marrow

Question 13

phagocytes job

Answer 13

removing dead cells and invasive microorganisms

Question 14

phagocytes specific or non-specific

Answer 14

non-specific immune response