organelle functions + structure

Question 1

Cell surface membrane

Answer 1

Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell
-partially permeable
-has receptors which allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

-Controls the cells activities (by controlling transcription of DNA)
-DNA held within the nucleus contains instructions to make proteins
-The nuclear pores allow substances to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm (such as mRNA and chromosomes put, enzymes in)
-Nucleolus makes ribosomes

Question 3

mitochondria

Answer 3

The site of aerobic respiration which produces ATP

Question 4

golgi apparatus

Answer 4

-Processes and packages lipids and proteins into golgi vesicles
-vesicles transport the proteins and lipids out the cell
-Makes lysosomes

Question 5

vesicle

Answer 5

Stores lipids and proteins made by the golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell

Question 6

chloroplast

Answer 6

The site of where photosynthesis takes place some occurs in grana and some in stroma
-DNA in the chromosome and ribosomes are used to synthesize proteins needed in chloroplast replication and photosynthesis

Question 7

lysosome

Answer 7

Contains hydrolytic enzymes which can be used to digest invading cells or break down worn out components of the cell
-used extensively in the immune system and apoptosis (programmed cell death)

Question 8

ribosome

Answer 8

The site where proteins are made
-80S in eukaryotic cells
-70S in prokaryotic cells

Question 9

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

Folds and processes the proteins which have been made by the ribosomes

Question 10

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

Synthesises and processes lipids
-involved in production, processing and storage of lipids, carbohydrates and steroids

Question 11

cell wall

Answer 11

Supports the cell and prevents it from changing shape
-narrow threads of the cytoplasm called plasmodesmata connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cell walls

Question 12

cell vacuole

Answer 12

-Helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keeps cell rigid and prevent wilting
-Involved in isolation of unwanted chemicals inside the cell
-selectively permeable membrane

Question 13

cell membrane structure

Answer 13

-phospholipids
-cholesterol
-protein channels
-glycoprotein
-glycolipid

Question 14

structure of nucleus

Answer 14

-nuclear envelope
-nuclear pores
-nucleolus
-nuceloplasm
-chromatin

Question 15

structure of mitochondria

Answer 15

-double membrane which inner membrane is highly folded and called cristae
-matrix (contains enzymes needed for aerobic respiration)
-mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes

Question 16

chloroplast structure

Answer 16

-double membrane
-lamellae (join grana)
-thylakoids (contain chlorophyll for photosyntheis) stack to form grana
-stroma
-starch
-circular DNA and ribosomes used to synthesise proteins needed in chloroplast replication and photosynthesis

Question 17

structure of the golgi apparatus

Answer 17

-flattened sacs of membrane

Question 18

vesicle structure

Answer 18

fluid filled sac surrounded by a membrane

Question 19

lysosome structure

Answer 19

contains enzymes, surrounded by a membrane

Question 20

ribosome structure

Answer 20

-freely in cytoplasm or part of rough endoplasmic reticulum
-made or rRNA and proteins

Question 21

rough endoplasmic reticulum structure

Answer 21

-formed from continuous folds of membrane continuous from nuclear envelope

Question 22

smooth endoplasmic reticulum structure

Answer 22

-membrane folds with no ribosomes

Question 23

cell wall structure

Answer 23

-cellulose in plants
-chitin in animals