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world of the hero > the iliad characters > Flashcards

the iliad characters Flashcards

1
Q

Achilles

A
  • Son of Peleus + Thetis
  • Most powerful warrior
  • Commands the Myrmidons (Greek soldiers)
  • Proud + headstrong
  • Takes offence when he thinks his honour has been slighted
  • Achilles’ wrath at Agamemnon for taking his war prize, Briseis forms the plot of the epic
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2
Q

Agamemnon

A
  • King of Mycenae, leader of the Achaean army + brother of Menelaus
  • Arrogant + selfish
  • Strong, sometimes reckless leadership
  • Lacks consideration + forethought
  • Tactless appropriation of Briseis, creates crisis for Achaeans when Achilles withdraws from war
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3
Q

Patroclus

A
  • Achilles’ beloved friend, companion + advisor
  • Grew alongside Achilles, under Peleus’ guardianship
  • Stands by Achilles but dons his armour in attempt to hold Trojans back
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4
Q

Odysseus

A
  • Fine warrior + the cleverest of Achaean commanders
  • One of the Achaeans’ best public speakers
  • Helps mediate bet Agamemnon + Achilles during their quarrel
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5
Q

Diomedes

A
  • Youngest Achaean commanders
  • Bold + sometimes impetuous
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6
Q

Great Ajax

A
  • Achaean commander
  • 2nd mightiest Achaean warrior after Achilles
  • Extraordinary size + strength helps him wound Hector twice w boulders
  • Often fights w little Ajax
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7
Q

Little Ajax

A
  • Achaean commander
  • Often fights w Great Ajax
  • Swift speed
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8
Q

Nestor

A
  • Oldest Achaean commander
  • Age has taken much of his strength
  • Has great wisdom
  • Acts as an advisor to military commanders
  • Persuasive orators
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9
Q

Menelaus

A
  • King of Sparta, younger brother of Agamemnon
  • His wife, Helen was abducted by Trojan prince, Paris - sparks Trojan War
  • Quieter, less imposing + less arrogant than Agamemnon
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10
Q

Idomeneus

A
  • King of Crete + respected commander
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11
Q

Machaon

A
  • Healer
  • Wounded by Paris, book 11
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12
Q

Calchas

A
  • Important soothsayer
  • Identifies the cause of plague ravaging the Achaean army in book 1
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13
Q

Peleus

A
  • Achilles’ father; grandson of Zeus
  • Only mentioned in the epic
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14
Q

Phoenix

A
  • Kind, old warrior
  • Helped raise Achilles while he was a young man
  • Deeply loved + trusted by Achilles
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15
Q

The Myrmidons

A
  • Soldiers under Achilles’ command
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16
Q

Hector

A
  • Son of King Priam + Queen Hecuba
  • Mightiest Trojan warrior
  • Mirrors Achilles in his flaws
  • Bloodlust isn’t as much as Achilles
  • Devoted to his wife, Andromache + son, Astynax
  • Resents his brother, Paris for bringing war
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17
Q

Priam

A
  • King of Troy + husband of Hecuba
  • Father of 50 Trojan warriors
  • Too old to fight but earned respect of both the Trojans + Achaeans
  • Level-headed, wise + benevolent
  • Treats Helen kindly
18
Q

Hecuba

A
  • Queen of Troy, wife of Priam
  • Mother of Hector + Paris
19
Q

Paris

A
  • Son of Priam + Hecuba; brother of Hector
  • Abducts Helen, wife of Menelaus + starts the Trojan War
  • Self-centred, unmanly
  • Fights well w bow+arrow
  • Lacks spirit of battle + prefers to stay w Helen while the others fight for him
  • Not liked by Helen
20
Q

Helen

A
  • Most beautiful woman in the Ancient World
  • Stolen from her husband, Menelaus by Paris
  • Loathes herself for the misery she caused
  • Disliked Paris
21
Q

Aeneas

A
  • Trojan nobleman, son of Aphrodite
  • Mighty warrior
  • Romans believed Aeneas later founded their city, Rome
22
Q

Andromache

A
  • Hector’s wife
  • Begs Hector to withdraw from the war before the Achaeans kill him
23
Q

Astynax

A
  • Hector + Andromache’s son
24
Q

Polydamus

A
  • Young Trojan commander
  • Cool headed + prudent
  • Gives Trojans advice but Hector rarely acts on it
25
Q

Glaucus

A
  • Powerful Trojan warrior
  • Nearly fights a duel w Diomedes
26
Q

Dolon

A
  • Trojan sent to spy on the Achaean camp in book 10
27
Q

Pandarus

A
  • Trojan archer
  • Shot Menelaus in book 4 breaks the temporary truce bet two sides
28
Q

Antenor

A
  • Trojan nobleman, advisor to King Priam
  • Argues Helen should be returned to Menelaus to end the war, Paris refuses to give her up
29
Q

Sarpedon

A
  • One of zeus’s sons
  • Fate is intertwined w the Gods
30
Q

Chryseis

A
  • Chryses’ daughter
31
Q

Zeus

A
  • King of Gods, husband of Hera
  • Claims neutrality in the mortals’ conflict + tries to keep the other gods from taking part
  • Throws his weight behind the Trojan side for most
32
Q

Hera

A
  • Queen of Gods + Zeus’ wife
  • Conniving, headstrong
  • Goes behind Zeus’ back when stye disagree
  • Works w Athena to crush Trojans
33
Q

Athena/Athene

A
  • Goddess of wisdom, purposeful battle + arts
  • Zeus’ daughter
  • Passionately hates trojans
34
Q

Thetis

A
  • Sea nymph, Achilles’ mother
  • Gets Zeus to help the Trojans + punish Achaeans
  • Commissions Hephaestus to lend Achilles new armour
35
Q

Apollo

A
  • Son of Zeus + twin brother of goddess Artemis
  • God of sun + the arts
  • Supports Trojans
36
Q

Aphrodite

A
  • Goddess of love + daughter of Zeus
  • Married to Hephaestus
  • Supportes Paris + Trojans in war
37
Q

Poseidon

A
  • Brother of Zeus + god of sea
  • Holds a long-standing grudge against trojans bc they never paid him for helping them build their city
  • Supports Achaeans
38
Q

Hephaestus

A
  • God of fire + Aphrodite’s husband
  • Gods metalsmith + known as the lame/crippled god
  • Helps Achaeans by forging new armour for Achilles
39
Q

Artemis

A
  • Goddess of the Hunt, daughter of Zeus
  • Twin sister of Apollo
  • Supports Trojans
40
Q

Ares

A
  • God of war
  • Supports Trojans
41
Q

Hermes

A
  • The messenger of the Gods
  • Escorts Priam to Achilles in book 24
42
Q

Iris

A
  • Zeus’ messenger

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