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world of the hero > minor characters in the iliad > Flashcards

minor characters in the iliad Flashcards

1
Q

Who is Paris?

A

Son of Priam + Hecuba
Trojan

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2
Q

What is Paris’ role in the epic?

A

He broke Xenia years before the iliad by stealing Helen, Menelaus’ wife whilst being a guest in their house
This sparked the Trojan War

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3
Q

How do others view Paris?

A

Other Greeks + Trojans dislike Paris because they have to risk + give their lives for something he did when he isn’t even fighting with them

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4
Q

What does Paris do in book 3 when he sees Menelaus?

A

He cowers back into the army to avoid death

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5
Q

How does Hector react to Paris’ actions in book 3?

A

Tells Paris he never should’ve been born

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6
Q

How does Paris react to Hectors word in book 3?

A

Paris says Hectors taunts are justified

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7
Q

Why might Paris be considered unheroic?

A

He retreats in fear when he sees Menelaus
His people are fighting for him and he stays out of battle with Helen
He broke xenia

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8
Q

Which goddess favours Paris?

A

Aphrodite

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9
Q

How is Helen viewed by people?

A

Hated by the Trojans + Greeks - her beauty is blamed for the start of the Trojan war
Hector + Priam are more sympathetic towards her

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10
Q

How does Helen regard herself?

A

She is often self deprecating
She regrets going to Troy + wishes she died in misery

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11
Q

How does Helen interact w Aphrodite?

A

Helen insults Aphrodite by telling her to forget she is a goddess and go w Paris herself
Helen then gets scared after being threatened by Aphrodite

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12
Q

What is Helen an example of?

A

Women in the ancient world are used as prizes and not people - Helen has no say in what happens to her

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13
Q

Who is Menelaus?

A

Menelaus was Helen’s husband + a Greek

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14
Q

What is Menelaus’ epithet?

A

Master of the battle - cry
War like Menelaus

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15
Q

What simile is used to compare Menelaus in book 3?

A

He is compared to a lion who greedily devours a carcass

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16
Q

How does Menelaus speak?

A

He speaks fluently, not much but clearly + gets to the point

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17
Q

How is Menelaus described in the end of book 4?

A

Prowling through the ranks like a wilde beast

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18
Q

Who shoots at Menelaus + what does this do?

A

Pandaras, influenced by Athene shoots at Menelaus; causing the breakage of oath + the war to restart

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19
Q

What is Odysseus’ epithet?

A

Quick thinking Odysseus

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20
Q

How is Odysseus described in book 3?

A

A man of all kinds of manoeuvres + strategies

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21
Q

How does Odysseus appear before he speaks?

A

He appears as if he is not smart

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22
Q

How is Odysseus’ speaking compared to?

A

He liberates his great voice from his chest + pours out words like the snows of winter

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23
Q

What does Menelaus feel in book 10?

A

Anxiety for his men

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24
Q

What does Menelaus do when ordered to kill a Trojan?

A

He is about to let him go

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25
Q

Who is Diomedes? What is his epithet

A

Greek hero
Diomedes master of the battle-cry

26
Q

Which Trojan does Diomedes interact with in book 6?

A

Glaucus

27
Q

What does Glaucus tell Diomedes in book 6? What do they do?

A

The tale of how their grandfathers knew each other + exchanged gifts
So D+G swap armour

28
Q

What does Diomedes do in book 10?

A

Volunteers to attack the Trojan camps at night

29
Q

Who does Diomedes choose to go w him in book 10?

A

Odysseus

30
Q

How does Diomedes describe Odysseus?

A

He puts a willing heart + soul into everything he does

31
Q

Who is Dolon?

A

A Trojan warrior who was sent by Hector to raid Greek camps

32
Q

How is Dolon described by Virgil?

A

Fast on his feet - the 1 boy in a family of 6 - may be seen as feminine

33
Q

How does Dolon pass Odysseus + Diomedes?

A

In complete ignorance + stops when he hears them chasing him bc he thinks they’re friends

34
Q

What simile is used to describe Diomedes + Odysseus chasing Dolon in book 10?

A

Sharp-toothed hunting dogs chasing a fawn

35
Q

Who gives Diomedes extra speed in b10?

A

Athene

36
Q

How is Dolon described after being caught by D+O?

A

He stops, stuttering + white w fear; bursts into tears

37
Q

What does Odysseus tell Dolon?

A

Tells him not to worry about dying + that they just want answers

38
Q

What does Dolon’s behaviour in book 10 tell us?

A

He is impetuous + fearful - he gives in easily to O+D

39
Q

What does Dolon say about O+Ds questions?

A

“I’ll answer your questions exactly”

40
Q

What does Diomoedes do to Dolon?

A

Decapitates him

41
Q

What do Diomedes + Odysseus do after killing Dolon + why?

A

They kill the whole contingent of Trojans - they got the info they need but still want timē

42
Q

What is Odysseus’ speech to Achilles in b9?

A

He reasons w Achilles + tells him that the Achaeans need him - pleading for help

43
Q

What is Phoenix’ speech to Achilles in b9?

A

He is more endearing

44
Q

Who is Phoenix?

A

Phoenix raised Achilles from a child + treats him like a son

45
Q

What does Ajax tell Achilles in b9?

A

He tells him that Achilles needs to fight otherwise they’re doomed

46
Q

Who is Nestor?

A

Old, brave Greek warrior - known for speaking abilities

47
Q

Who is Hecuba?

A

Wife of Priam, Hector + Paris’ mother

48
Q

What does Hecabe give Hector in book 6? What is this for?

A

Wine to make a libation to Zeus
Also for Hector to drink if he wants

49
Q

What does Hecabe say when she finds out Hector was killed?

A

“Why should I live + suffer now you are dead?”

50
Q

What does Hecabe call Hector in book 22?

A

The answer to her prayers

51
Q

What does Hecabe try + do when she finds out Priam was told to go to Greek camps?

A

She tries to stop him

52
Q

How does Hecabe refer to Priam’s heart in book 24?

A

A heart of iron

53
Q

What does Hecabe say the only thing they can do is in book 24?

A

The only thing they can do is weep for their son

54
Q

What does Hecabe want to do to Achilles in book 24?

A

She wishes she can eat Achilles’ liver

55
Q

Who is Agamemnon?

A

Commander of the Achaean army

56
Q

What does Agamemnon do in book 1? What effect does this have?

A

He steals Achilles’ war prize (Briseis) causing Achilles to leave the war

57
Q

How does Agamemnon refer to Chryses in b1?

A

“old man”

58
Q

How does Agamemnon threaten Chryses?

A

Tells him to leave if he wants to save his skin

59
Q

How does Agamemnon insult Apollo in b1?

A

He insults his priest, Chryses

60
Q

How is Agamemnon deceived in b2?

A

He is told that Zeus says he should prepare his people for battle; they have a chance to capture Troy

61
Q

What does Agamemnon say about warriors who prefer to stay far from battle?

A

Nothing can save them; they are for the dogs + birds

62
Q

What does Agamemnon say in b9 when he finds out he was deluded by Zeus? What is he doing?

A

He wipes his tears + says Zeus’ advice was an evil deception

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