The hydrosphere Flashcards
what percentage of earths heat budget drives the climate?
99.9…%
what percentage of water is ocean?
97.5%
where is most freshwater stored
ice sheets, then groundwater
name two processes of flux in
precipitation and run off
name two processes of flux out
evaporation
how does the state variable change in a negative feedback
decreases
how does the state variable change in a positive feedback
increases
how does the water cycle affect the atmosphere
controls climate and temperature
how does the water cycle affect the geosphere
denudation
how does the water cycle affect the biosphere
key part of biogeochemical cycles
what is streamflow made up of
base flow and storm flow
what is an ephemeral stream
no base flow, dries up seasonally
what is a perennial stream
has a base flow and doesnt dry up seasonally
give two other words for a drainage basin
watershed, catchment
what is a divide
line separating drainage basins
purpose of a drainage basin
return water to ocean
name the 5 factors controlling stream behaviour
- channel depth and width
- gradient
- discharge
- velocity
- sediment load
how many main ions are found dissolved in riverwater
7
do more ions come from ground or surface water
ground water
how is an alluvial fan created
stream shifting back and forth
how much of liquid water is groundwater
less than 1%
how much of groundwater is within 750m of the surface
over half
what influences the make-up of dissolved materials in water
the rock it passes through
what is groundwater flow known as
percolation
what is an aquifer
underground layer of water-bearing porous stone, earth, or gravel
what is an aquiclude
rock or regolith that slows or prohibits passage of groundwater
what is a spring
flow of groundwater that emerges naturally
what percentage of freshwater is used for crop irrigation, and industry
75% and 20%
how many countries are under water stress
29
name 3 factors that can impact water supplies
climate change, inter-basin transfers between regions, groundwater mining can lower the watertable
