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US Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933-41 > The Hundred Days and Alphabet Agencies > Flashcards

The Hundred Days and Alphabet Agencies Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the Three Rs?

A
  • Relief (aid to people)
  • Recovery (end Depression)
  • Reform (prevent future depressions)
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2
Q

Why was it called a ‘new deal’?

A
  • ‘Fresh’ approach to American citizens who were struggling
  • ‘New’ framework to address unprecedented challenges
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3
Q

How did Roosevelt provide immediate relief to Americans?

A
  • Cash aid
  • Short term employment
  • Through ‘alphabet agencies’
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4
Q

What is a president’s ‘honeymoon period’?

A
  • Newly-elected
  • Give benefit of doubt
  • Press not as critical
  • Important to take full advantage (Roosevelt did)
  • ‘Hundred days’
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5
Q

Why did Roosevelt repeal prohibition?

A
  • ‘Feel good factor’
  • Was a disastrous policy
  • Improve public morale
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6
Q

What are alphabet agencies?

A
  • Refers to any of the numerous federal government agencies created by Roosevelt in the New Deal
  • Term came from the use of acronyms
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7
Q

What was the purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)?

A
  • Provide work relief
  • For young, unemployed, unmarried men (18-25 year olds)
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8
Q

What were the benefits CCC applicants received?

A
  • Fully government funded
  • Bed, food and meals
  • $30 a month; $25 sent to family
  • Schooling
  • Taught trades (e.g. auto mechanics) to enhance future employment prospects
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9
Q

How was Roosevelt’s instigation of the CCC helpful politically?

A
  • Prevented young men from drifting towards extremism
  • Inspired by trends in Europe
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10
Q

How did the CCC contribute to conservation efforts?

A
  • Planted three billion trees
  • Built dams
  • Built national parks
  • Built wildlife shelters
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11
Q

Why was the CCC considered the most successful alphabet agency?

A
  • Work relief while offering valuable job experience
  • Made significant contributions to environmental conservation
  • Gave sense of purpose for young men
  • Economic impact on families
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12
Q

Describe two features of the CCC

A
  • Work relief: employment, sense of purpose, decent living conditions, money to send back home, working in environmental programs (lasting impact on federal land)
  • Education and training: training in trades, opportunity to attend schooling (learn basic literacy skills), beneficial for their future
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13
Q

What was the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)?

A
  • To provide hydroelectric power
  • Improve soil conservation
  • Flood control in 7 Southern states
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14
Q

What were the health and economic benefits of the TVA?

A
  • Eradicated diseases (e.g. malaria)
  • Brought electricity into homes for the first time
  • Attracted industry which led to job creation and demand
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15
Q

What opposition did the TVA face?

A
  • Republicans opposed
  • Displaced farmers (forced to leave ancestral homes)
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16
Q

What was the overall impact of the TVA?

A

Huge improvements to quality of life in 7 southern states despite some human costs

17
Q

What was the main goal of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)?

A
  • Boost industrial production on a large scale
  • Through government guidance to stimulate cooperation of business and labour (regulations on wages, prices, working hours)
  • Fair competition
18
Q

What agency did the NIRA establish?

A
  • National Recovery Administration (NRA)
  • Facilitate monopolies
  • Organise large scale public programs
19
Q

What protections did the NIRA offer workers?

A
  • Minimum wage levels
  • Maximum working hours
  • Collective bargaining rights
  • Eliminate child labour
20
Q

What were the criticisms of the NIRA?

A
  • Although well intentioned
  • Overly ambitious
  • Created harmful monopolies
  • Alienated many initial supporters of the New Deal
  • Fixed high prices
  • Did not benefit most African American workers (sectors not covered by legislation)
21
Q

What was the Infamous Sick Chicken Case?

A
  • Declared unconstitutional
  • Setback for FDR and New Deal
  • Government should not interfere/regulate these things
22
Q

Why was it unrealistic to expect FDR to achieve full employment?

A
  • Economic problems created and intensified by the Great Depression too serious
  • Impossible for a single president to resolve
23
Q

What was the impact of FDR’s ‘bold, persistent experimentation’?

A
  • Near inevitable consequences
  • Some ideas did not work, worked in the opposite ways from those intended (e.g. the NIRA)
24
Q

How did racism affect the implementation of New Deal policies?

A
  • Political realities in Souther states
  • Prevented full policy implementation
  • Local level racism could ensure ‘last hired, first fired’ policy persisted
25
Q

What was the nature of the jobs created by the New Deal?

A
  • Short term relief
  • Instead of permanent employment
26
Q

What economic issue arose during FDR’s second term?

A
  • Cut spendings due to criticism
  • Led to a spike in unemployment
27
Q

How did the New Deal initially aim to help the industry?

A
  • Focus on stabilising banking crisis
  • Allowed lending to firms for expansion
28
Q

What role did the NIRA play in industrial recovery?

A
  • NRA to oversee labour-business relations
  • Allow companies to not be subject to monopoly restrictions by signing codes for minimum wages and hours
29
Q

What was the focus of FDR’s farming policies?

A
  • Restoration of purchasing power of the rural sector
  • Crucial for overall economic recovery
30
Q

What significant act was part of the Farm Relief Bill?

A
  • Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
  • Paid farmers to reduce production
  • Enables farmers to raise prices and incomes
31
Q

What consequences rose from the AAA?

A
  • Human cost attracted bitter criticism
  • Livestock slaughtered on a large scale (originally would have fed city-dwellers)
  • Black sharecroppers and tenant farmers evicted
32
Q

What happened to the AAA in 1936?

A
  • Supreme court declared unconstitutional
  • FDR forced to re-introduce modified version in 1938 which did not have tax
33
Q

What was the aim of the Emergency Banking Act?

A
  • Temporarily closed all banks
  • Prevented withdrawals to stabilise banking system
  • Only financially sound banks could reopen
  • To restore public confidence

US Roosevelt and the New Deal 1933-41 (5 decks)

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