The Humanistic Approach Flashcards
What does the humanistic approach focus on?
The worth and uniqueness of the individual (less deterministic and more focused on free will).
What is determinism?
The belief that all behaviour is governed by factors that are out of our control.
What is free will?
Free choice on how to behave (giving one moral responsibility).
What are the main assumptions of the humanistic approach?
-Each person is unique and psychology should study the whole person (holism).
-Each person can exercise free will.
-Each person is a rational and conscious being.
-Humans strive towards achieving self-actualisation.
Human beings can make significant ________ ________ within the ________ imposed by biological and societal forces.
Personal choices, constraints.
Why do humanistic psychologists reject scientific methods?
They believe that every individual is unique (idiographic approach), and don’t believe in making general laws for humans (nomothetic approach).
What is the idiographic approach?
Focusing on the individual and emphasising the unique personal experience of human nature.
What methods do human psychologists prefer (to collect data)?
Qualitative methods.
What qualitative methods do humanistic psychologists use?
-Unstructured interviews: open questions.
-Participant observation: researcher joins in with participant.
-Diaries, letters, biological materials.
Maslow wasn’t interested in what went ________ with people but rather in what could go ________ with them.
Wrong, right.
What did Maslow do?
He produced a hierarchy of needs (basic needs at the bottom, advanced needs at the top).
How is self-actualisation to be achieved?
All previous levels must be met.
What are the 5 levels (in order of basic needs to advanced needs)?
Physiological, Safety, Love & Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualisation.
What are physiological needs?
Food, water, sleep, air, shelter, clothing, homeostasis, reproduction.
What are safety needs?
Security of body, health, employment, resources (e.g. financial).
What are love & belonging needs?
Family, friends, intimacy.
What are esteem needs?
Respect (of self and of others), confidence.