The Human organism

Question 1

is the scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structures—for example, the shape and size of bones. The word anatomy means to dissect or cut apart and separate the parts of the body for stud

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

studies the structural changes that occur between conception and adulthood

Answer 2

Developmental anatomy

Question 3

a subspecialty of developmental anatomy, considers changes from conception to the end of the eighth week of development.

Answer 3

Embryology

Question 4

examines the structural features of cells

Answer 4

Cytology

Question 5

a subspecialty of developmental anatomy, considers changes from conception to the end of the eighth week of development.

Answer 5

Embryology

Question 6

examines tissues, which are composed of cells and the materials surrounding them.

Answer 6

Histology

Question 7

the study of structures that can be examined without the aid of a microscope, can be approached either systemi- cally or regionally.

Answer 7

Gross anatomy

Question 8

is a group of structures that have one or more common functions, such as the cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, skeletal, or muscular systems. In systemic anatomy, the body is studied system by system.

Answer 8

System

Question 9

involves looking at the exterior of the body to visualize structures deeper inside the body

Answer 9

Surface anatomy

Question 10

uses radiographs (x-rays), ultra- sound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures

Answer 10

Anatomical imaging

Question 11

are physical characteristics that differ from the normal pattern. ______ can vary in severity from relatively harmless to life-threatening

Answer 11

Anatomical anomalis

Question 12

is the scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things.

Answer 12

Physiology

Question 13

examines the processes occurring in cells such as energy production from food

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Cell physiology

Question 14

considers the functions of organ systems

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Systemic physiology

Question 15

which focuses on the heart and blood vessels,

Answer 15

Cardiovascular physiology

Question 16

which focuses on the function of the nervous system

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Neurophysiology

Question 17

is the medical science deal- ing with all aspects of disease, with an emphasis on the cause and development of abnormal conditions, as well as the structural and functional changes resulting from disease.

Answer 17

Pathology

Question 18

focuses on the changes in function and structure caused by exercise.

Answer 18

Exercise physiology

Question 19

This extremely shortwave electromagnetic radiation moves through the body, exposing a photographic plate to form a radiograph. A major limitation of radio- graphs is that they give only flat, two-dimensional (2-D) images.

Answer 19

Xray

Question 20

the second-oldest imaging technique, was first developed in the early 1950s from World War II sonar technology. It uses high-frequency sound waves, which are emitted from a transmitter-receiver placed on the skin over the area to be scanned.

Answer 20

Ultrasound

Question 21

The computer ana- lyzes the pattern of reflected sound waves and transfers the information to a monitor to be visualized as a

Answer 21

Sonogram

Question 22

developed in 1972 and originally called ___, are computer- analyzed x-ray images. A low-intensity x-ray tube is rotated through a 360-degree arc around the patient, and the images are fed into a computer. The computer then constructs the image of a “slice” through the body at the point where the x-ray beam was focused and rotated (a). Some computers are able to take several scans short distances apart and stack the slices to pro- duce a 3-D image of a body part (b).

Answer 22

CT SCAN or computed tomographic scans

Question 23

is one step beyond
CT scanning. A 3-D radiographic image of an organ, such as the brain, is made and stored in a computer. Then a radiopaque dye is injected into the blood, and a second radiographic computer image is made.

Answer 23

DSA or digital subtraction angiography

Question 24

directs radio waves at a person lying inside a large electromagnetic field. The magnetic field causes the protons of various atoms to align

Answer 24

MRI or Magnetic resonance imaging

Question 25

can identify the metabolic states of various tissues. This technique is particularly useful in analyzing the brain.

Answer 25

PET SCANS or Positron emission tomographic