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10 science-- optics > the human eye > Flashcards

the human eye Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the cornea (located ______) causes _____ refraction than the lens

A

on outside / more

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2
Q

the cornea refracts the light _______ way, ________________

A

the same / regardless of the location of the object

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3
Q

the lens can _______ and _________, allowing it to focus light from both nearby and distant objects on ______

A

change shape / refract light / retina

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4
Q

the human eye forms a ____ and ______ image on the retina, but the brain processes the images it receives and gives you sense that it is ________

A

real / inverted / upright

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5
Q

which parts of the eye are responsible for detecting colour (in retina)?

A

cones

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6
Q

which parts of the eye are responsible for detecting light (in retina)?

A

rods

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7
Q

the human eye can detect which colours best?

A

red, blue, green

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8
Q

what causes the “after image”?

A

overstimulation of photoreceptors in the eye

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9
Q

what is the iris?

A

coloured part of eye surrounding pupil; lies between cornea and lens

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10
Q

what is the function of the iris?

A

widens/narrows pupil to control amount of light entering eye

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11
Q

what is the pupil?

A

round, dark centre of eye

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12
Q

what is the function of the pupil?

A

opens and closes to regulate amount of light reaching retina

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13
Q

what is the cornea?

A

clear part of eye covering iris and pupil

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14
Q

what is the function of the cornea?

A

lets light into eye, permitting sight

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15
Q

what is the lens?

A

round, spherical body in eye; located behind cornea

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16
Q

what is the function of the lens?

A

focuses light rays into retina

17
Q

what is vitreous gel?

A

part of eye between lens and retina; clear (to allow light to pass through) jellylike substance

18
Q

what is the function of the vitreous gel?

A

helps maintain structural stability of eye and retinal health but can be removed without harming vision

19
Q

what is the optic nerve?

A

nerve carrying electrical impulses from photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) in retina to visual cortex in brain; located at back of eye

20
Q

what is the function of the optic nerve?

A

transmits signals to brain to be converted to images

21
Q

what is the retina?

A

sensory membrane lining eye

22
Q

what is the function of the retina?

A

receives images formed by lens and converts them into signals that reach the brain via optic nerve

23
Q

what is the sclera?

A

the white of the eye

24
Q

what is the function of the sclera?

A

protective covering

25
Q

what is the “blind spot”?

A

the point of entry to the optic nerve on the retina; insensitive to light

26
Q

what is peripheral vision?

A

the part of vision occurring outside the very centre of the field of view

27
Q

what is myopia?

A

when the eyeball is too long: light rays converge at a focal point before reaching the retina= farther images are blurry

28
Q

how can myopia be treated?

A

using a diverging lens to bend light rays to meet after reaching the cornea

29
Q

what is hyperopia?

A

when the eyeball is too short: light rays converge at a focal point behind the retina= closer images are blurry

30
Q

how can myopia be treated?

A

using a converging lens to bend light rays to meet before reaching the cornea

31
Q

which is myopia and hyperopia with respect to nearsightedness and farsightedness?

A 
myopia = farsightedness
hyperopia = nearsightedness
32
Q

what is astigmatism?

A

a condition in which the cornea is slightly cone shaped rather than spherical

33
Q

what is presbyopia?

A

a condition caused by loss of elasticity in the lens (eye muscles become stiff and ciliary muscles can no longer shape lenses); cannot focus on nearby objects

34
Q

how can presbyopia be corrected?

A

bifocals

35
Q

how can astigmatism be corrected?

A

toric lenses or surgery

36
Q

what are the 3 steps to laser eye surgery?

A

cut a thin flap in cornea; pull back
alblate surface into desired shape
replace flap

37
Q

pros to laser eye surgery

A

improved vision

less need for glasses/contact lenses

38
Q

cons to laser eye surgery

A 
dry eyes
oversensitivity to light
poor perception of contrast
double vision
perception of ghosted images, starbursts, halos around light sources

10 science-- optics (10 decks)

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