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10 science-- optics > nature and sources of light > Flashcards

nature and sources of light Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 2 types of light?

A

natural

artificial

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2
Q

light

A

the only form of energy that can travel like a wave through empty space and through some materials

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3
Q

what kind of wave does light behave like?

A

electromagnetic

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4
Q

can you see electromagnetic waves?

A

no, they are invisible

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5
Q

electromagnetic waves can travel through a ______ at the ______

A

vacuum / speed of light

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6
Q

what is the speed of light?

A

3 x 10 to the power of eight m/s

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7
Q

wavelength

A

distance from the peak of one wave to the peak of the next wave

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8
Q

frequency

A

number of complete wavelengths that pass a given point in one second

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9
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

diagram that illustrates the arrangement of electronic waves according to wavelength or frequency

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10
Q

low energy= ____ wavelength

A

long

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11
Q

high energy= ____ wavelength

A

short

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12
Q

visible light

A

any electromagnetic wave that the human eye can see

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13
Q

visible spectrum

A

continuous sequence of different colours together form visible white light

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14
Q

luminous source of light

A

gives off its own natural light

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15
Q

artificial source of light

A

production of light by converting external energy forms (chemical, electrical, thermal)

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16
Q

non-luminous source of light

A

does not give off its own light, may appear bright because of reflection from a luminous object

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17
Q

what are 3 types of light emission?

A

from the sun
from incandescence
from electric discharge

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18
Q

light from the sun:

fusion reaction: ______ atoms in the sun’s core collide and sometimes ___________

A

hydrogen / combine or fuse to form

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19
Q

light from the sun:

tremendous amounts of ______ is released

A

energy

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20
Q

light from the sun:

energy transmitted to the bases on _________

A

outer layers of sun

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21
Q

light from the sun:

excited atoms release ___________

A

excess energy

22
Q

light from the sun:

_____ is emitted

A

light

23
Q

light from incandescence

A

a light emitted by a very hot object

24
Q

incandescent bulbs are very inefficient at producing light. how much energy used becomes light versus how much energy is lost as heat?

A

5% light / 95% heat

25
Q

step one of incandescent lighting

__________ runs through Tungsten wire

A

electrical current

26
Q

step two of incandescent lighting

Tungsten wire heats to what temperature?

A

3000 degrees Celsius

27
Q

step three of incandescent lighting

____ excites atoms

A

heat

28
Q

step four of incandescent lighting

atoms release light– ______ glows

A

filament

29
Q

light from incandescence

what is the chemical formula for: chemical energy –> heat + light

A

CnHn + O2 –> CO2 + H2O + energy

30
Q

what is energy made up of (in the chemical formula for incandescence)?

A

heat, light

31
Q

chemical discharge

A

electric current passes through a gas or vapour; excites the atom and energy is released; light is emitted

32
Q

step one of chemical discharge

electron receives _______

A

energy

33
Q

step two of chemical discharge

electron gets ______

A

excited

34
Q

step three of chemical discharge

light and heat released as _______________

A

electron loses energy

35
Q

neon lights– red

A

neon

36
Q

neon lights– greenish blue

A

argon and mercury

37
Q

neon lights– pale violet

A

krypton

38
Q

neon lights– pink

A

helium

39
Q

fluorescence

A

light that is emitted when energy of ultraviolet light is absorbed by a substance and invisible light is converted to visible light

40
Q

4 benefits to fluorescent bulbs

A

last longer
use less electrical energy
4x more efficient than incandescent light bulbs
environmentally friendly

41
Q

2 uses to fluorescent bulbs

A

forensic investigators can detect fluorescent biological fluids
dentists can detect unhealthy tissue as they appear in darks spots

42
Q

phosphorescence

A

light emitted due to exposure of UV light to the source and that continues to be emitted long after the UV light is taken away

43
Q

chemiluminescence

A

light that is generated by a chemical reaction without a rise in temperature

44
Q

bioluminescence

A

light that is produced by a biochemical reaction in a living organism

45
Q

wavelengths of light emitted from hot object

A

short

46
Q

wavelengths of light emitted from cold object

A

long

47
Q

how does a fluorescent bulb work?

A

energy hits Hg-Ar mixture, invisible UV light is produced and absorbed by fluorescent coating, converted into visible light

48
Q

luminescence

A

the emission of light from a substance that has not been heated

49
Q

which colour has the shortest wavelength?

A

purple

50
Q

which colour has the longest wavelength?

A

red

10 science-- optics (10 decks)

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