The Human Eye Flashcards
Once light passes through the iris, it encounters the _________
Lens
The area of the inner surface of the eye that contains rods and cones
Retina
A muscular membrane whose dilation regulates the amount of light that enters the eye
Iris
The black looking opening in the center of the iris, through which lights enters the eye
Pupil
Cells that respond to light
Photoreceptors
There are two types of photo receptors
- Rods (allow us to see in black and white)
- Cones (the one that provides color in our vision)
Neurons that conduct neural impulses from rods and cones to ganglion
Bipolar cells
Neurons who’s axons form the optic nerve
Ganglion cells
What are the 4 types of neurons in the eye?
A. Cones
B. Rods
C. Bipolar cells
D. Ganglion cells
The nerve that transmit sensory information from the eye to the brain
Optic nerve
An area near the center of the retina that is dense with cones and where vision is consequently acute
Fovea
The area of the retina where axons from ganglion cells meet to form the optic nerve
Blind spot
Sharpness of vision
Visual aquity
The color of the light, as determined by its wavelength
Hue
Transparent tissue forming the outer surface of the eyeball
Cornea
The color of light as determined by the wave length
Hue
Transparent tissue forming the outer surface of the eye ball
Cornea
A conditioned characterized by the brittleness of the lens
Presbyopia
The process of adjusting to condition of lower lighting by increasing the sensitivity of rods and cones
Dark adaptation
The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that eye and produces visual sensations
Visible light
Descriptive of colors of the spectrum that when combined produce white or nearly white light
Complementary
The lingering visual impression made by stimulus that have been removed
After image
The theory that color vision is made possible by three types of cones, some of which respond to red light, some to green and some to blue
Trichromatic theory
The theory that color vision is made possible by three types of cones, some of which respond to red or green light, some some to blue or yellow and some to the intensity of life
Opponent process theory
A person with normal color vision
Trichromatic
A person who is sensitive to black and white only and hence color blind
Monochromat
A person who is sensitive to black - white and either red - green or blue - yellow and hence is partially color blind
Dichromat
The tendency to perceive a broken figure as being complete or whole
Closure
The tendency to integrate perceptual elements into meaningful patterns
Perceptual organization
Nearness; the perceptual tendency to group together objects that are near one another
Proximity
The perceptual tendency to group together objects that are similar in appearance
Similarity
The tendency to perceive a series of points or lines as having unity
Continuity
The tendency to perceive elements that move together as belonging together
Common fate
The use of contextual information or knowledge of a pattern in order to organize parts of patterns
Top down processing
The organization of the part ps of a pattern to recognize, or form an image of, the pattern they compose
Bottom up processing
Sensations that give rise to misperceptions
Illusions
A visual illusion in which the perception of motion is generated by a series of stationary images that are presented in rapid succession
Stroboscopic
Stimuli suggestive of depth that can be perceived with only one eye
Monocular cue
A monocular cue for depth based on the convergence (coming together) of parallel lines as they recede into distance
Perspective
A monocular cue for depth based on the perception that closer objects appear to have a r rougher (more detailed surfaces)
Texture gradient
A monocular cue for depth based on the perception that nearby objects appear to move more rapidly in relation to our motion
Motion paraliax
Stimuli suggestive of depth that involves simultaneous perception by both eyes
Binocular cues
A binocular cue for depths based on the difference in the image cast by an object on retinas of the eyes as the object moves closer to farther away
Retinal disparity
A binocular cue for depth based on the inward movement the eyes as they attempt to focus on an object that is drawing nearer
Convergence
The tendency to perceive an object as being the same size even as the size of it’s retinal image changes according to the objects distance
Size constancy
The tendency to perceive an object as being the same color even though lighting conditions change its appearance
Color constancy
The tendency to perceive an object as being the same color even though lighting conditions change it’s intensity
Brightness constancy
The tendency to perceive an object as being the shape although the retinal image varies in shape as it rotates
Shape constancy
