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ITP > The Human Eye > Flashcards

The Human Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Once light passes through the iris, it encounters the _________

A

Lens

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2
Q

The area of the inner surface of the eye that contains rods and cones

A

Retina

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3
Q

A muscular membrane whose dilation regulates the amount of light that enters the eye

A

Iris

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4
Q

The black looking opening in the center of the iris, through which lights enters the eye

A

Pupil

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5
Q

Cells that respond to light

A

Photoreceptors

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6
Q

There are two types of photo receptors

A
  1. Rods (allow us to see in black and white)
  2. Cones (the one that provides color in our vision)
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7
Q

Neurons that conduct neural impulses from rods and cones to ganglion

A

Bipolar cells

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8
Q

Neurons who’s axons form the optic nerve

A

Ganglion cells

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9
Q

What are the 4 types of neurons in the eye?

A

A. Cones
B. Rods
C. Bipolar cells
D. Ganglion cells

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10
Q

The nerve that transmit sensory information from the eye to the brain

A

Optic nerve

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11
Q

An area near the center of the retina that is dense with cones and where vision is consequently acute

A

Fovea

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12
Q

The area of the retina where axons from ganglion cells meet to form the optic nerve

A

Blind spot

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13
Q

Sharpness of vision

A

Visual aquity

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14
Q

The color of the light, as determined by its wavelength

A

Hue

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15
Q

Transparent tissue forming the outer surface of the eyeball

A

Cornea

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16
Q

The color of light as determined by the wave length

A

Hue

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17
Q

Transparent tissue forming the outer surface of the eye ball

A

Cornea

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18
Q

A conditioned characterized by the brittleness of the lens

A

Presbyopia

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19
Q

The process of adjusting to condition of lower lighting by increasing the sensitivity of rods and cones

A

Dark adaptation

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20
Q

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that eye and produces visual sensations

A

Visible light

21
Q

Descriptive of colors of the spectrum that when combined produce white or nearly white light

A

Complementary

22
Q

The lingering visual impression made by stimulus that have been removed

A

After image

23
Q

The theory that color vision is made possible by three types of cones, some of which respond to red light, some to green and some to blue

A

Trichromatic theory

24
Q

The theory that color vision is made possible by three types of cones, some of which respond to red or green light, some some to blue or yellow and some to the intensity of life

A

Opponent process theory

25
Q

A person with normal color vision

A

Trichromatic

26
Q

A person who is sensitive to black and white only and hence color blind

A

Monochromat

27
Q

A person who is sensitive to black - white and either red - green or blue - yellow and hence is partially color blind

A

Dichromat

28
Q

The tendency to perceive a broken figure as being complete or whole

A

Closure

29
Q

The tendency to integrate perceptual elements into meaningful patterns

A

Perceptual organization

30
Q

Nearness; the perceptual tendency to group together objects that are near one another

A

Proximity

31
Q

The perceptual tendency to group together objects that are similar in appearance

A

Similarity

32
Q

The tendency to perceive a series of points or lines as having unity

A

Continuity

33
Q

The tendency to perceive elements that move together as belonging together

A

Common fate

34
Q

The use of contextual information or knowledge of a pattern in order to organize parts of patterns

A

Top down processing

35
Q

The organization of the part ps of a pattern to recognize, or form an image of, the pattern they compose

A

Bottom up processing

36
Q

Sensations that give rise to misperceptions

A

Illusions

37
Q

A visual illusion in which the perception of motion is generated by a series of stationary images that are presented in rapid succession

A

Stroboscopic

38
Q

Stimuli suggestive of depth that can be perceived with only one eye

A

Monocular cue

39
Q

A monocular cue for depth based on the convergence (coming together) of parallel lines as they recede into distance

A

Perspective

40
Q

A monocular cue for depth based on the perception that closer objects appear to have a r rougher (more detailed surfaces)

A

Texture gradient

41
Q

A monocular cue for depth based on the perception that nearby objects appear to move more rapidly in relation to our motion

A

Motion paraliax

42
Q

Stimuli suggestive of depth that involves simultaneous perception by both eyes

A

Binocular cues

43
Q

A binocular cue for depths based on the difference in the image cast by an object on retinas of the eyes as the object moves closer to farther away

A

Retinal disparity

44
Q

A binocular cue for depth based on the inward movement the eyes as they attempt to focus on an object that is drawing nearer

A

Convergence

45
Q

The tendency to perceive an object as being the same size even as the size of it’s retinal image changes according to the objects distance

A

Size constancy

46
Q

The tendency to perceive an object as being the same color even though lighting conditions change its appearance

A

Color constancy

47
Q

The tendency to perceive an object as being the same color even though lighting conditions change it’s intensity

A

Brightness constancy

48
Q

The tendency to perceive an object as being the shape although the retinal image varies in shape as it rotates

A

Shape constancy

ITP (7 decks)

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