Learning

Question 1

A relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience

Answer 1

Learning

Question 2

A simple form of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to evoke the response usually evoked by another stimulus by being paired repeatedly with the other stimulus

Answer 2

Classical conditioning

Question 3

A simple unlearned response to stimulus

Answer 3

Reflex

Question 4

An environmental condition that elicits a response

Answer 4

Stimulus

Question 5

A stimulus that elicit a response from an organism prior to conditioning

Answer 5

Unconditioned stimulus

Question 6

An unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 6

Unconditioned response

Question 7

An unlearned response in which an organism attends to a stimulus

Answer 7

Orienting reflex

Question 8

A previously neutral stimulus that elicits a conditioned response because it has been paired repeatedly with a stimulus that already elicited that response

Answer 8

Conditioned stimulus

Question 9

A learned response to a conditioned stimulus

Answer 9

Conditioned response

Question 10

The process for which stimuli lose their ability to evoke learned response because the events that had followed the stimuli no longer occur

Answer 10

Extinction

Question 11

The recurrence of an extinguished response as a function of the passage time

Answer 11

Spontaneous recovery

Question 12

In conditioning, the tendency for a CR to be evoked by stimuli that are similar to the stimulus to which the response was conditioned

Answer 12

Generalization

Question 13

In conditioning, the tendency for an organism to distinguish between a CS and similar stimuli that do not forecast a UCS

Answer 13

Discrimination

Question 14

A classical conditioning procedure in which a previously neural stimulus comes to elicit the response brought forth by a CS by being paired repeatedly with that conditioned stimulus

Answer 14

Higher order conditioning

Question 15

Readiness to acquire a certain kind of CR due to the biological make up of the organism

Answer 15

Biological preparedness

Question 16

A fear reduction technique in which pleasant stimuli are associated with fear evoking stimuli so that the fearevoking stimuli love their aversive qualities

Answer 16

Counter conditioning

Question 17

A behavioral fear reduction technique based on principles of classical conditioning, fear
Evoking stimuli are presented continuously in the absence of actual harm so that fear response are extinguished

Answer 17

Flooding

Question 18

A behavioral fear reduction technique in which a hierarchy of fear evoking stimuli is presented while the persons remained relax

Answer 18

Systematic desensitization

Question 19

Thorndikes view that pleasant events stamp in response, with a stimulus that increases the frequency of the response

Answer 19

Law of effect

Question 20

To follow a response with a stimulus that increases the frequency of response

Answer 20

Reinforce

Question 21

Behavior that operates on, or manipulate the environment

Answer 21

Operant behavior

Question 22

A simple form of learning in which an organism learns to engage in behavior because it in reinforced

Answer 22

Operant conditioning

Question 23

It is a method of learning that uses punishment and reward to modify behavior

Answer 23

Operant conditioning

Question 24

A reinforcer that when presented increases the frequency of an operant

Answer 24

Positive reinforcer

Question 25

Reinforcer that when remove increases the frequency of an operant

Answer 25

Negative reinforcer

Question 26

An unlearned reinforcer whose effectiveness is based on the biological make up of the organism and not on learning

Answer 26

Primary reinforcer

Question 27

A stimulus that gains reinforcement value through association with established reinforcer

Answer 27

Secondary reinforcer

Question 28

Another term for a secondary reinforcer

Answer 28

Conditioned reinforcer

Question 29

In an operant conditioning, a stimulus that indicates that reinforcement is available

Answer 29

Discriminative stimulus

Question 30

A schedule of reinforcement in which every correct response is reinforced

Answer 30

Continuous reinforcement

Question 31

One of several reinforcement schedule in which not every correct response is reinforced

Answer 31

Partial reinforcement

Question 32

A schedule in which a fixed amount of time must elapse between the previous and subsequent times that reinforcement is available

Answer 32

Fixed interval schedule

Question 33

A schedule in which a variable amount of time must elapse between the previous and subsequent times that reinforcement is available

Answer 33

Variable interval schedule

Question 34

A schedule in which reinforcement is provided after a fixed number of correct response

Answer 34

Fixed ratio schedule

Question 35

A variable in which reinforcement is provided after a variable number of correct response

Answer 35

Variable ratio schedule

Question 36

A procedure for teaching complex behaviors that at first reinforces approximations of the target behavior

Answer 36

Shaping

Question 37

Behaviors which are progressively closer to a target behavior

Answer 37

Successive approximation

Question 38

A mental representation of the layout of ones environment

Answer 38

Cognitive map

Question 39

A learning that is hidden or concealed

Answer 39

Latent learning

Question 40

The view that learning occurs when stimuli provide information about the likelihood of the occurrence of other stimuli

Answer 40

Contingency theory

Question 41

The acquisition of skills through observation

Answer 41

Observational learning

Question 42

An organism that engages in a response that is then imitated by another organism

Answer 42

Model