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5.5 Plant and Animal Responses > The Human Brain 5.5.9 > Flashcards

The Human Brain 5.5.9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the brain part of?

A

The central nervous system

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2
Q

What is the brain composed of? (basic)

A

Billions of interconnected neurones

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3
Q

What is the function of the brain?

A

Controlling complex behaviours

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4
Q

What are the 5 regions of the brain?

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary gland
  • Cerebellum
  • Medulla oblongata
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5
Q

What does the cerebrum control?

A

Voluntary actions (concious activities)
- Thought
- Speech
- Memory
- Problem solving

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6
Q

What does the cerebellum control?

A

Responsible for muscle coordination and movement

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7
Q

What does the medulla oblongata control?

A

Controls involuntary actions (unconcious activities)
e.g. heart rate and breathing rate

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8
Q

What does the pituitary gland control?

A

‘Master gland” responsible for regulating many body functions, controlling the activity of other glands

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9
Q

What does the hypothalamus control?

A

Control centre that monitors blood and helps maintain homeostasis

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10
Q

What does the cerebrum consist of, and how is it divided?

A

Five lobes - divided into two halves, known as the cerebral hemisphere

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11
Q

What are the cerebral hemispheres joined together by?

A

A band of nerve fibres, known as the corpus callosum

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12
Q

What does the right hemisphere control?

A

The left side of the body

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13
Q

What does the left side of the body control?

A

The right side of the body

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14
Q

What is the thin outer layer of the cerebrum called?

A

The cerebral cortex or ‘grey matter’

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15
Q

What does the cerebral cortex consist of?

A

Cell bodies of neurones

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16
Q

How is the cerebral cortex adapted to its function?

A

It’s highly folded, which increases its surface area and allows it to contain a greater number of neurones.
This means that more connections can be made between neurones and therefore increases the ability of the brain to carry out more complex behaviours

17
Q

What is located beneath the cerebral cortex?

A

The ‘white matter’

18
Q

What is the white matter composed of?

A

Consists of the myelinated axons of neurones

19
Q

Where is the hypothalamus found?

A

Just above the pituitary gland (which it is connected to)

20
Q

What are the main functions of the hypothalamus?

A
  • Regulating body temperature
  • Osmoregulation
  • Regulating digestive activity (controls the secretion of enzymes inn the gut and peristalsis)
  • Controlling endocrine functions (hypothalamus releases chemicals that cause the pituitary gland to release certain hormones)
21
Q

How does the hypothalamus regulate body temperature?

A

Monitoring blood temperature and initiating a homeostatic response

22
Q

How does the hypothalamus carry out osmoregulation

A

Monitoring how concentrated the blood is, and if it becomes too concentrated ADH is released, it also generates a feeling of thirst

23
Q

How does the hypothalamus regulate digestive activity?

A

Controls the secretion of enzymes in the gut and peristalsis - also generates a feeling of hunger

24
Q

How does the hypothalamus control endocrine functions?

A

Releases chemicals that cause the pituitary gland to release certain hormones that control a variety of processes (metabolsm, growth and development, sleep, mood)

25
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

At the bottom of the brain, below the hypothalamus

26
Q

What is the pituitary gland divided into?

A

The anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary

27
Q

What is the function of the anterior pituitary?

A

Produces and releases certain hormones

28
Q

What is the function of the posterior pituitary?

A

Stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus (ADH and oxytocin)

29
Q

Where is the cerebellum located?

A

Lies below the cerebrum

30
Q

What does the cerebellum control?

A

Motor coordination - includes balance
These functions are only subconsciously (involuntary)

31
Q

Where is the medulla oblongata found?

A

At the very base of the brain

32
Q

What three centres composes the medulla?

A
  • Cardiac - controls heart rate
  • Vasomotor - controls blood pressure
  • Respiratory - controls respiratory rate
33
Q

What does the cardiac centre control?

A

Heart rate

34
Q

What does the vasomotor centre control?

A

Blood pressure, by controlling the contraction of smooth muscles in arteriole walls

35
Q

What does the respiratory centre control?

A

Breathing rate (contains an inspiratory centre and an expiratory centre)

5.5 Plant and Animal Responses (11 decks)

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