The Human Body Chpt 5 Flashcards
The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the principal product is lactic acid
Anaerobic metabolism.
Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen
Aerobic metabolism
The body cavity that contains the major organs of the digestion and extraction. It is located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis
Abdomen
Portion of the nervous system that when stimulated can cause constriction of blood vessels
Alpha-adrenergic receptors
Motion of a limb away from the midline
Abduction
The pointed extremity of a conical structure.
Apex (plural spices)
The position of reference in which the patient stands facing you, arms at the side, with palms of the hands forward
Anatomic postion
Portion of the pons that increases the length of inspiration and decreases the respiratory rate
Apneustic center
The firm prominence in the upper part of the larynx formed by the thyroid cartilage. It is more prominent in men than women
Adams apple
The smallest branches of the arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries
Arterioles
The portion of the skeletal system that comprises the arms, legs, pelvis and shoulder girdle
Appendicular skeleton
Slow, gasping breath. Sometimes seen in dying patients
Agonal gasps
The depression on the lateral pelvis where it’s three components bones join, in which the femoral head fits snugly.
Acetabulum
Pertaining to the nerves that released the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, or noradrenaline (such as adrenergic nerves, adrenergic response). The term also pertains to the receptors acted on by the norepinephrine, that is the adrenergic receptors.
Adrenergic
The front surface of the body; the side facing you the standard anatomic position
Anterior
The principal artery leaving the left side of the heart and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body
Aorta
The small tubular structure that is attached to the lower border of the cecum in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen
Appendix
Cells that carry oxygen to the body’s tissues also called erythrocytes
Red blood cells
A sac on the undersurface of the liver that collects bile from the liver and discharges it into the duodenum through the comments bile duct.
Gallbladder
Motion of a limb towards the midline.
Addiction
The part of the brain that is responsible for helping to regulate the level of consciousness
Midbrain
The nucleotide involved in the energy metabolism; used to store energy.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Nerve tissue that is continuous inferiorly with the spinal cord; serves as a conduction pathway for ascending and descending nerve tracts; coordinates heart, blood vessels diameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing and sneezing.
Medulla oblongata
The bone of the lower jaw
Mandible
The collar bone it is lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula
Clavicle
The inner layer of the skin, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings and blood vessels
Dermis
Any portion of the airway that does contain air and Connor participate in gas exchange, such as the trachea and bronchi
Dead space
A firm ridge of cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx
Cricoid cartilage
Two retroperitoneal organs that exerts the end products of metabolism as urine and regulate the body’s salt and water content.
Kidneys
An imaginary plane where the body is cut into front and back parts
Coronal plane
The complex arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arteriolar, capillaries, venues, and veins the move blood, oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide and cellular waste throughout the body.
Circulatory system
Parts of the body that lies closer to the midline; also called inner structures.
Medial
The reproductive system in males and females
General system
A thin sheet of fascia that connects the thyroid and cricoid cartilages that make up the larynx.
Crico thyroid membrane?
The upper quarter of the sternum
Manubrium?
Below a body part or nearer to the feet
Inferior
The upper jawbones that assists in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity and the palate and hold the upper teeth
Maxillae
A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord.
Foramen magnum
The lower part of the back, formed by the lowest five no fused vertebrae; also called the dorsal spine
Lumbar spine
The portion of the spinal column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that lie in the neck.
Cervical spine
The area of the head above the ear and eyes; the skull. The cranium contains the brain
Cranium
The last three to four vertebrae of the spine; the tailbone
Coccyx
The name of the substance that leaves the stomach. It is combination of all the eaten foods with added stomach acids.
Chyme
A protective mechanism that terminates inhalation, thus preventing over expansion of the lungs
Hering-Breuer reflex
The proximal end of the femur, articulating with the the acetabulum to form the hip joint.
Femoral head
A hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through out the body
The heart
The deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are formed
Germinal layer
Substances formed in a specialized organ or glands and cared to another Organ or group of cells in the same organism. Hormones regulate many body functions, including metabolism, growth and body temperature.
Hormones
The large muscle that cover the front of the humerus
Biceps
The tiny blood vessels between the arteriolar and venues that permit transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste between body tissues and the blood
Capillary vessels
The controlling organ of the body and center of consciousness; functions include perception, control of reactions to the environment, emotional responses and judgment
Brain
A bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh, just below the hip joint
Greater trochanter
The area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum, controls functions that are necessary for life such ass reputation.
Brain stem
The spermatic duct of the testicles; also called vas deferens.
Vasa deferentia
The space between the cells
Interstitial space
The heart muscle
The cardiac muscles
The major artery that supples blood to the head of the brain
Carotid artery
The support structure of the skeletal system that provides cushioning between bones; also forms the nasal septum and portions of the outer ear.
Cartilage
The first part of the large intestine, into which the ileum opens
Cecum
The brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system (cns)
Thin band of fibrosis tissue that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from and inverting
Chordae tendineae
To straighten
Extend
The small organs that produce hair
Hair follicles
The thigh bone; the longest and one of the strongest bones in the body
The femur
To bend
Flex
The bending of a joint
Flexion
The principal artery of the thigh, A continuation of the external iliac artery. It’s supplies blood to the lower abdominal wall external genitalia and legs, it can be palpated in the groin area.
Femoral artery
Movement of gas from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion
Relaxation, or period of relaxation of the heart especially of the ventricles
Diastole
The process of food that nourishes the individual cells of the body
Digestion
Farther from the trunk or nearer to the free and of the extremity
Distal
The artery on the anterior surface of the foot between the first and second metatarsals
Dorsalis pedis artery
A portion of the medulla oblongata where the primary respiratory pacemaker is found
Dorsal respiratory group (drg)
A muscular dome that forms the undersurface of the thorax, separating the chest from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of a he diaphragm (and the chest wall muscles) bring air into the lungs. Relaxation allows air to be expelled from the lungs
Diaphragm
The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones
Endocrine system
Joints that can bend and straighten but cannot rotate; they restrict motion to one plane
Hinge joint
A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that has a vital role in the function of the sympathetic nervous system
Epinephrine
The amount of air that can be exhaled following a normal exhalation; average volume is about 1,200ml.
excitatory reserve volume
Substances catalyst designed to speed up the rate of specific biochemical reactions
Enzymes
The fibrous sac that encloses a joint
Joint capsules
A thin, leaf-shaped valve that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents food and liquid from entering
Epiglottis
The use of muscles of the chest, back and abdomen to assist in expanding the chest; occurs when air movement is impaired
Labored breathing
A metabolic end product of the breakdown of glucose that accumulates when metabolism proceeds in the absence of oxygen.
Lactic acid
A band of fibrous tissues that connect bones to bones. It supports and strengthens a joint.
Ligaments
The projection on the medial/superior portion of the femur.
Lesser trochanter
In anatomy, parts of the body that lie farther from the midline. Also called outer structures.
Lateral
The portion of the digestive tube that encircles the abdomen around the small bowel, consisting of the cecum, the colon, and the rectum. It helps regulate water balance and eliminate solid waste.
Large intestine
Large solid organ that lives in the right upper quadrant immediately below the diaphragm it produces bile, stores glucose for immediate use by the body and produces many substances that help regulate immune responses.
Liver
The muscle over which a person has no conscious control. It is found in many automatic regulating system of the body
Involuntary muscles
The place where two bones come in contact
Joint ( articulation)
One of the three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring
Ischium
Amount of air that can be inhaled after normal inhalation; The amount of air that can be in Allen in addition to the normal tidal volume
Inspiration reserve volume
One of the two largest vein in the body; carries blood from the lower extremities and the pelvic and abdominal organs to the heart
Inferior vena cava