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Science > The Human Body > Flashcards

The Human Body Flashcards

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1
Q

In what order is the respiratory systems structures.

A 
Nasal cavity
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
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2
Q

Where is oxygen exchanged for carbon dioxide

A

In the alveoli

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3
Q

The _____ carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the organs while _____ carry deoxygenated blood from the organs back to the heart. The ____________ transfer oxygen and nutrients from the arteries to the organs and carbon dioxide and waste products from the organs to the veins.

A

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

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4
Q

The digestion of food begins in the ___ where it is _______ digested by the teeth. Food is also _____ digested by _____ in saliva which breaks down ____ into glucose. The _____ churns the food and mechanically digests it.

A 
Mouth
Mechanically
Chemically
Enzymes
Carbohydrates 
Stomach
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5
Q

The digestion of ____ is started in the stomach. In the ___ intestine, food is mixed with _____ ____ from the pancreas which brakes down any carbohydrates, proteins and ___. It is also mixed with ___ from the liver, which helps digest the fat. Nutrients are then absorbed in the small intestine via __. Water is absorbed in the ___ intestine and faeces are ______ via the ____.

A 
Proteins 
Small
Pancreatic juice
Fats
Bile
Villi
Large
Excreted
Anus
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6
Q

What special type of muscle is the heart made from

A

Cardiac muscle

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7
Q

What organ is this:
The muscular walls of this organ contract and relax to mechanically digest the food. Gastric juices begin the digestion of proteins.

A

Stomach

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8
Q

What organ is this:
This part of the intestine consists of the duodenum and ileum. Food is both mechanically and chemically digested and absorbed in this part of the intestine.

A

Small intestine

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9
Q

What organ is this:

Water is reabsorbed into the body and faeces are formed in this part of the intestine.

A

Large intestine

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10
Q

What do the organs that are attached to the digestive tract do?

A

They help digestion

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11
Q

What is the process of respiration (chemical reaction)

A

Glucose + oxygen -) carbon dioxide + water + energy

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12
Q

What is mechanical and chemical digestion

A

Mechanical digestion is when food is digested by movement such as churning or chewing
Chemical digestion is when food is broken down by enzymes in saliva and other chemicals

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13
Q

What does blood do | Blood- liquid tissue

A

It carries nutrients and oxygen aswell as waste products such as water and carbon dioxide

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14
Q

What is oxygenated blood rich in

A

Oxygen

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15
Q

What is deoxygenated blood

A

It is blood that is depleted of oxygen

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16
Q

What are the three types of cells in the circulatory system and what do they do

A 
Red Blood Cells
-Hemoglobin 
-carries oxygen
White blood cells
-defense system
Platelets 
Clot blood to stop it from going in the wrong place
17
Q

What are the three blood vessels and what do they do

A

Arteries
-high pressure
- take oxygenated blood from the heart to other parts of the body
Veins
-deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart
Capillaries
-they are arteries that have got thinner and thinner

18
Q

What is the difference between an artery and a vein

A

An artery carries oxygenated blood while veins carry deoxygenated blood

19
Q

Where are eggs produced in the female body

A

The ovaries

20
Q

Where is the baby held while it grows and develops before birth

A

The uterus or womb

21
Q

How many overies are in the female body and how many eggs do they produce per month

A

There are two ovaries and they produce one egg or ovum (1) every month between the two (alternating)

22
Q

What is the menstrual cycle

A

If an egg is not fertilized and implanted, then the thickened lining of the uterus breaks down and passes out of the body in blood

23
Q

How is an organism formed

A

Cells form tissue
Tissue forms organs
Certain organs form systems
Systems form an organism

24
Q

What is digestion

A

The process of breaking down food into a useable form for cells

25
Q

Where does the oesophagus start and finish

A

It starts in the mouth and ends at the stomach

26
Q

What is peristalsis

A

Is the contracting of muscles in the oesophagus to push food to the stomach

27
Q

What is the epiglottis

A

It is a flap of skin that covers the windpipe as you swallow so that food doesn’t not go to your lungs

28
Q

What is a sphincter

A

A ring of muscle along the digestive tract separating organs

29
Q

Describe the stomach and what it does

A

The stomach hold food for 1-6 hours while both chemically digesting food with gastric juices as well as mechanically digesting food through churning.

30
Q

What is the duodenum

A

It is the first part of the small intestine, it carries chemicals while continuing to squeeze and churn food

31
Q

What does the pancreas do

A

It produces pancreatic juice which helps digest foods

32
Q

What does the liver do

A

It performs over 500 different chemical processes such as removing toxins from blood and producing bile

33
Q

What is the ileum and what does it do

A

The ileum is in the lower part of the small intestine it is where villi absorbs food

34
Q

What are capillaries

A

Capillaries are a type of blood vessels that are one cell thick and are found in villi

35
Q

What is the large intestine and what does it do

A

The large intestine is one of the last organs in the digestive tract, it reabsorbs water into the body along with any other nutrients.

36
Q

Define anus

A

The anus expelled waste. It is a sphincter muscle at the end of the digestive tract

37
Q

Define rectum

A

The rectum is a part of the body that holds waste and when full, causes the Erie to move the bowels

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