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OS5 - Endocrine, Baby. > The Hormones! > Flashcards

The Hormones! Flashcards

1
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone (TRH)

A

Hypothalamus; Peptide; Stimulates secretion of TSH and prolactin

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2
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

A

Hypothalamus; Peptide; Stimulates secretion of ACTH

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3
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

A

Hypothalamus; Peptide; Stimulates secretion of LH and FSH

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4
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Somatostatin or somatotropin-release inhibiting hormone (SRIF)

A

Hypothalamus; Peptide; Inhibits secretion of growth hormone

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5
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Dopamine or prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF)

A

Hypothalamus; Amine; Inhibits secretion of prolactin

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6
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH)

A

Hypothalamus; Peptide; Stimulates secretion of growth hormone

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7
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH)

A

Anterior Pituitary; Peptide; Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones.

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8
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:
Follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH)

A

Anterior Pituitary; Peptide; Stimulates sperm maturation in Sertoli cells of testes. ALSO, stimulates follicular development and estrogen synthesis in ovaries

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9
Q 
Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
A

Anterior Pituitary; Peptide; Stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of testes. ALSO, stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum,
estrogen and progesterone synthesis in ovaries

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10
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Growth hormone

A

Anterior Pituitary; Peptide; Stimulates protein synthesis and overall growth

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11
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Prolactin

A

Anterior Pituitary; Peptide; Stimulates milk production and secretion in breast

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12
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH)

A

Anterior Pituitary; Peptide; Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones (cortisol, androgens, and aldosterone)

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13
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:
Melanocyte-stimulating
hormone (MSH)

A

Anterior Pituitary; Peptide; Stimulates melanin synthesis (? humans)

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14
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Oxytocin

A

Posterior Pituitary; Peptide; Stimulates milk ejection from breasts and uterine contractions

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15
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:
Vasopressin or antidiuretic
hormone (ADH)

A

Posterior Pituitary; Peptide; Stimulates water reabsorption in principal cells of collecting ducts and constriction of arterioles

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16
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:
Triiodothyronine (T3) and
L-thyroxine (T4)

A

Thyroid; Amine; Stimulates skeletal growth; oxygen consumption; heat production; protein, fat, and carbohydrate utilization; perinatal maturation of the central
nervous system

17
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Calcitonin

A

Thyroid; Peptide; Decreases serum [Ca2+]

18
Q 
Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
A

Parathyroid; Peptide; Increases serum [Ca2+]

19
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Cortisol (glucocorticoid)

A

Adrenal Cortex; Steroid; Stimulates gluconeogenesis; inhibits inflammatory response; suppresses immune response; enhances vascular responsiveness to
catecholamines

20
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:
Aldosterone
(mineralocorticoid)

A

Adrenal Cortex; Steroid; Increases renal Na+ reabsorption, K+ secretion, and H+ secretion

21
Q 
Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:
Dehydroepiandrosterone
(DHEA) and
androstenedione (adrenal
androgens)
A

Adrenal Cortex; Steroid; Stimulates spermatogenesis; stimulates male
secondary sex characteristics (like testosterone?)

22
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Testosterone

A

Testes; Steroid; Stimulates spermatogenesis; stimulates male secondary sex characteristics

23
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Estradiol

A

Ovaries; Steroid; Stimulates growth and development of female reproductive system, follicular phase of menstrual cycle, development of breasts, prolactin secretion; maintains pregnancy

24
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Progesterone

A

Ovaries; Steroid; Stimulates luteal phase of menstrual cycle; maintains pregnancy

25
Q

Besides the ovaries, what other semi-endocrine glands produce progesterone?

A

Corpus luteum and placenta

26
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

A

Placenta; Peptide; Stimulates estrogen and progesterone synthesis in corpus luteum of early pregnancy

27
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:
Human placental lactogen
(HPL), or human chorionic somatomammotropin

A

Placenta; Peptide; Has growth hormone–like and prolactin-like actions during pregnancy

28
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Estriol

A

Placenta; Steroid; Stimulates growth and development of female reproductive system, follicular phase of menstrual cycle, development of breasts, prolactin secretion; maintains pregnancy

29
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Insulin (β cells)

A

Pancreas; Peptide; Decreases blood [glucose]

30
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Glucagon (α cells)

A

Pancreas; Peptide; Increases blood [glucose]

31
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Renin

A

Kidney; Peptide; Catalyzes conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

32
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol

A

Kidney; Steroid; Increases intestinal absorption of Ca2+; bone mineralization

33
Q

Gland of origin, chemical classification, major actions of:

Norepinephrine, epinephrine

A

Adrenal Medulla; Amine; Actions of sympathetic nervous system

34
Q

Describe the basics of hormone-receptor interactions and the general result of their coupling.
HINT: words to use: effector proteins, G-protein, cAMP, IP3, adenylyl cyclase, GTP

A

Hormone actions on target cells begin when the
hormone binds to a membrane receptor, forming a
hormone-receptor complex. In many hormonal systems, the hormone-receptor complex is coupled to effector
proteins by guanosine triphosphate (GTP)–binding
proteins (G proteins). The effector proteins usually are
enzymes, either adenylyl cyclase or phospholipase C.
When the effector proteins are activated, a second messenger,
either cAMP or IP3 (inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate),
is produced, which amplifies the original hormonal
signal and orchestrates the physiologic actions.

OS5 - Endocrine, Baby. (23 decks)

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