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History > The Holocaust > Flashcards

The Holocaust Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Holocaust?

A

The Holocaust (1933-1945) was a systematic form of genocide, under Nazi authority, of people considered undesirable such as gypsies, roma, black people, disabled people, homosexuals, Jehovah witnesses and famously Jews.

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2
Q

By the end of the Holocaust, how many Jews had been killed?

A

6 million Jews had died

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3
Q

Name 3 concentration camps

A

Dachau, Auschwitz and Ravensbruck

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4
Q

Define Final Solution

A

The final solution was a Nazi systematic plan to wipe out all Jews across Europe through mass murder.

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5
Q

When did the Holocaust start and finish?

A

1933-1945

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6
Q

What kind of experiments did the Nazi’s do?

A

Freezing experiments, experiments for treating injuries and illnesses, and experiments proving that Nazi’s were the superior race.

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7
Q

How many people lived after Mengele experimented on them?

A

200 people

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8
Q

Why were gas chambers disguised as shower rooms?

A

So prisoners would go in willingly

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9
Q

What is anti-Semitism?

A

Hatred of Jews

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10
Q

Who were the SS (Schutzstaffel) and what did they do?

A

A paramilitary organisation under the Nazi Party. They enforced forced labour, shootings, and punishments in concentration camps.

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10
Q

When was Adolf Hitler born?

A

April 20, 1889 in Austria

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11
Q

What symbol was mandatory to be worn by Jews?

A

Star of David

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11
Q

What kind of gas were used at Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau?

A

Zyklon-B gas

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12
Q

What is Einsatzgruppen?

A

The special killing groups developed by Hitler, to kill large groups of people thought to be undesirable.

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13
Q

What were the conditions in ghettos?

A

Overcrowded, lack of water and food and forced labour.

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14
Q

What does the term annihilation mean?

A

In this context, it refers to the mass extermination of Jews and other undesired groups

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15
Q

What is operation T4?

A

Operation T4 was the Nazi plan to exterminate those with disabilities, mental disabilities and serious health problems. Initiated in the early 1930s , this operation killed approximately 70 000 individuals through gas chambers, lethal injections and starvation.

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16
Q

Who were the Kappos?

A

Kapos were prisoners in Nazi concentration camps whom the SS forced to oversee other inmates. They received better clothing, food and housing then the other prisoners.

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17
Q

Who were the Zonderkommandos and what did they do?

A

The Sonderkommandos were Jewish inmates forced to perform their duties in concentration camps. Some of their duties were shaving hair, searching the prisoner’s bodies for hidden possessions (gold teeth), carry burning bodies in the ovens and dispose ashes (to hide evidence).

18
Q

Why were synagogues burnt?

A

Because they were are place of worship for Jews.

19
Q

What were the conditions in the concentration camps?

A

Similar to ghettos, extermination camps, overcrowded, lack of food (malnutrition) and water, forced labour, medical experiments, lack of healthcare, lack of hygiene, sicknesses like typhoid, and violence.

20
Q

What is the meaning of communism?

A

Social system based on common ownership

21
Q

What is the meaning fascism?

A

Government system led by a supreme dictator. Centralised control over all aspects of life

22
Q

What is the meaning of liberation?

A

Freeing of concentration camps

23
Q

what is the meaning of mischling?

A

Mixed blood -both Aryan and Jewish ancestry

24
Q

What is propaganda?

A

Information and ideas intentionally used to spread ideas

25
Q

What is usury?

A

illegal/immoral money lending at very high rates of interest

26
Q

What did the Nazis do with dead bodies?

A

Bodies were lotted of gold and thrown into large mass graves

27
Q

How long did the prisoners usually have to work?

A

11 hours

28
Q

What kind of method of gassing took place at Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka?

A

Exhaust fume gassing

29
Q

What does Mischling mean?

A

mixed “Aryan” and “non-Aryan”, such as Jewish, ancestry

30
Q

Passed in September 1935, the Nuremberg Laws contained how many pieces of legislation?

A

consisted of two main pieces of legislation: the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor and the Reich Citizenship Law.

31
Q

In what month did the Nazis carry out the anti-Jewish pogrom dubbed by Kristallnacht?

A

The Nazis carried out the anti-Jewish pogrom known as Kristallnacht on November 9th-10th 1938.

32
Q

Kristallnacht is believed to have been instigated by a speech given by which Nazi leader?

A

Joseph Goebbels

33
Q

Approved at the start of WW11, Aktion T4 was a campaign largely concerned with…..?

A

systematic mass murder of people with physical, mental and emotional disabilities. It was framed as euthanasia

34
Q

TRUE or FALSE: During the Wansee Conference, the Nazi’s decision to exterminate the entire Jewish population

A

TRUE. The Wannsee Conference, held on January 20, 1942, was a meeting of senior Nazi officials where they coordinated the implementation of the Final Solution

35
Q

Of the 9 million Jews, who lived in Europe an estimate of ______ were murdered

A

6 million

36
Q

Mobile killing squads were known as the what?

A

Einsatzgruppen

37
Q

What word describes the closure of the ghettos?

A

liquidation

38
Q

Who was known as the brown shirts?

A

sturmabteilung

39
Q

Who were the secret state Nazi police notorious for its brutal methods and operations?

A

gestapo

40
Q

the elite black shirts were_____

A

schutzafaffel

41
Q

known as a truce were?

A

armistice

42
Q

What is the Jewish term for Holocaust?

A

shoah

43
Q

When did the war start?

A

Sept 1st 1939, when Germany invades Poland, appeasement, ineffectiveness of the League of Nations

History (2 decks)

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