The Holocaust Flashcards
1
Q
When & what was the first solution?
A
1938-39
- To force Jews to leave the country.
- It was adopted in Austria after Nazi invasion. Jews were beaten & humiliated, forced to scrub pavements.
- The SS took expensive belongings & properties.
- Persecution led many Jews to consider emigration (emigrated within 2 yrs)
2
Q
When & what was the second solution?
A
- Nazis realised emigration wasn’t effective with 3.5 million Jews.
- Polish Jews concentrated into ghettos so they’d be ready for a mass decoration once a reservation was found.
- Over 140,000 died in ghettos over 3 years.
3
Q
When & what was the final solution?
A
1941-45
- Mass murder of Jews began with Nazi invasion of Soviet Union in 1941.
- Einsatzgruppen carried out mass murders, rounding up Jews & communists.
- Men, women & children taken to secluded areas, forced to dig a large out then they were lined on edge & shot.
4
Q
What was phase two?
A
- Atchelmo (camp), Jews being murdered by exhaust flames in vans allowing greater numbers to be killed & had less of psychological impact on SS doing the killing.
- Operation Reinhard agreed (extermination of all Jews in General Government)
- 1942, Jews deported from ghettos to a ‘train station’, stripped of clothes & possessions before put into ‘showers’ where they were murdered in gas chambers.
5
Q
Did Jews resist to the final solution?
A
Yes, at Sobibor in 1944 Jews rose up & managed to kill 11 SS guards, allowing 300 Jews to escape.
6
Q
How many Jews were murdered by death camps by end of war?
A
1.7 million.
7
Q
Who was put in charge of the mass murder of Jews in 1942?
A
Adolf Eichmann at the Wansee Conference.
8
Q
What was Auschwitz?
A
- In camp that experiments to mass murder prisoners using Zyklon B gas, used to kill rodents.
- Overun with prisoners in 1941.
- Four gas chambers & crematoriums.
- People transported in trains & trucks & assessed to see if they were fit enough to be slaves (those who don’t make it send to gas chambers)
