Occupation

Question 1

When was the Netherlands invaded?

Answer 1

May 1940

Question 2

What city was bombed?

Answer 2

Rotterdam

Question 3

What did the royal family refuse to do?

Answer 3

Cooperate so went into exile to Britain.

Question 4

Why were the Dutch treated largely with respect?

Answer 4

They had the same ethnic background as the Nazis.

Question 5

When and how did Dutch communists strike?

Answer 5

1941

400 Jewish men were rounded up for deportation so they striked in retaliation.

Trams stopped working & strikers marched in Dutch towns, ending the friendly attitude the Nazis had for them. They shot, killing 9 and arresting hundreds

Question 6

When did the Nazis switch to intimidation & violence methods?

Answer 6

1943-44

Question 7

Who did the Nazis target in the Netherlands?

Answer 7

The 140,000 jews who lived there.

Question 8

What did the Jews have to identify themselves with from 1942?

Answer 8

The yellow Star of David.

Question 9

What percentage of Jews were deported to extermination camps?

Answer 9

76%

Question 10

What did the Nazis do to sort the severe shortage of workers in Germany?

Answer 10

300,000 Dutch ex-soldiers were sent to Germany to work in forced labour. All Dutch men 18-35 had to become forced labourers (only 54,000/170,000 went) so then it extended 16-60 (500,000 went)

Question 11

How did Dutch resistance develop?

Answer 11

By 1944: 300,000 men were in hiding & illegal printing presses were set up producing anti-Nazi leaflets. Armed resistance began as Dutch fought back.

Question 12

What did the Dutch do late 1944 when occupation was coming to an end?

Answer 12

Dutch government called for railway strikes. 30,000 rail workers went into hiding. This severely limited the Germans’ transport leading to food being in short supply. Living conditions worsened & food shortages severe. 20,000 Dutch died of starvation.

Question 13

When and how did 5 years of Nazi occupation come to an end?

Answer 13

5th May 1945 when the Netherlands was liberated by Canadian soldiers.

Question 14

Poland had only existed as a country since ____, before this it had been part of ________ ________.

Answer 14

1918
Greater Germany

Question 15

Why did the Nazis invade in 1939?

Answer 15

They wanted to remove all Polish control of culture and ‘Germanise’ the country.

Question 16

What were the people of Poland seen as by the Nazis?

Answer 16

Slavs.

Question 17

In 1940, Himmler drew up his…

Answer 17

Eastern General Plan.

Question 18

What was the Eastern General Plan?

Answer 18

A strategy for the occupation of the east - remove all Polish or Slavic people and replace them with Germans.

Question 19

How many native Polish citizens were replaced with Germans from 1940?

Answer 19

500,000

Question 20

Where did native Poles move to?

Answer 20

The General Government region.

Question 21

Who governed the General Government region?

Answer 21

Hans Frank - nazi ex-lawyer.

Question 22

In 1940, Frank destroyed…

How?

Answer 22

Polish culture, education and leadership.

Schools closed, Polish leaders were targeted, 30,000 arrested, many tortured and murdered.

Question 23

How many Slavic Poles were murdered?

Answer 23

1.9 million.

Question 24

What rules were established by the Polish Decrees?

Answer 24

Slavic Poles had to wear a ‘P’ on their arms, sexual relations with Germans banned & they were paid a lower wage than Germans.

Question 25

Jewish people were concentrated in…

Answer 25

Ghettos.

Question 26

The Nazis murdered over 3 million Polish Jews through…

Answer 26

Concentration & extermination camps, including Auschwitz.

Question 27

How did Poland resist?

Answer 27

In 1939, The Polish Government helped establish Delegatura (secret state in Poland).

Question 28

When and what was the uprising in Warsaw?

Answer 28

1944

2 month long uprising that was crushed by Nazis. Hitler ordered destruction of Warsaw and its people. Patients in a city hospital were shot in their beds. 200,000 killed in Warsaw.

Question 29

How did the French suffer in 1940?

Answer 29

North (‘occupied zone’), South (‘free zone’) - ruled by right wing nationalist Petain.

People angry & humiliated to see swastika flags on public buildings. Severe shortages of food, strict censorship & night curfew. Hundreds of thousands of French workers taken to Germany for forced labour, many refused to leave so went into hiding.

Question 30

How did people in France engage in minor acts of resistance?

Answer 30

Listening to BBC, radio & helping members of resistance.

Question 31

Who was Trocme?

Answer 31

Protestant Pastor in South France, a pacifist who cared for all human beings whatever their religion.

Question 32

Why did Catholic France dislike authority?

Answer 32

A long history of persecution.

Question 33

When Vichy France was established, what did they refuse to do?

Answer 33

Read the oath to Petain or ring church bells in honour.

Question 34

What did Trocme arrange for 1940-44?

Answer 34

All Jewish people to be hidden in homes, hotels, farms and schools. They forged identification cards, ration cards & led escapes to Switzerland. Whenever the Vichy police were coming they moved the Jews into the mountains.

Question 35

When was Trocme arrested and what did he do after?

Answer 35

1943, released after 28 days due to lack of evidence.

Went into hiding in fear of another arrest.

Question 36

How many Jewish people did Trocme save?

Answer 36

5000

Question 37

Did Coco Chanel stay or leave Paris in 1940?

Answer 37

Stayed & made friends with the Nazi occupiers.

Question 38

Who did Chanel start a romance with?

Answer 38

Von Dincklage - military intelligence officer.

Question 39

What did Chanel try to persuade the authorities to do?

Answer 39

Remove Jewish directors of her perfume company & give her sole ownership as an Aryan.

Question 40

What was the German’s deal with the Danish people?

Answer 40

They could keep their government & reject demands for legislation against their Jewish population in return for establishing favourable relations with Germans - trade in Denmark was redirected to Germany.

Question 41

What was the DeVlag movement in Belgium?

Answer 41

Nationalist group who wanted stronger ties with Nazi Germany. 50,000 members by 1943. They helped Nazis recruit members to Waffen-SS.

Question 42

Who were The Chetniks?

Answer 42

Group of Serbian nationalists. In 1943 they agreed to work with the Nazi forces that had invaded.

Question 43

Who were the Security Police in Latvia?

Answer 43

Composed of students & former army officers with right-wing politics who volunteered. They killed Jewish people & communists murdering 26,000.

Question 44

Who were The Bielski partisans?

Answer 44

Led by 4 brothers who managed to escape Jewish ghetto in Poland & live in forest. Group numbered 1236 completing sabotage missions against Nazi rulers.

Question 45

During the occupation of Monaco…

Answer 45

The police gave over 42 foreign Jewish refugees but protected its own Jewish population.

Question 46

What was The Ustasa?

Answer 46

Extreme right-wing political party in Croatia who were inspired by Nazis to build their own concentration camps where they killed 25,000 Jewish people.

Question 47

During occupation of Greece…

Answer 47

3 prime ministers (controlled by Nazis) passed legislation demanded by occupiers.