The history of genetics Flashcards
What are the three mendel law’s?
- Segregation
- Independent assortment
- Dominance
What is segregation?(mendel law)
Two copies of each particle, one from each parent. Unaltered and one is passed on at random in each sperm/egg.
What is Independent assortment(mendel law)
Traits are inherited independently.
What is dominance(mendel law)
The inherited particles may be dominant or recessive.
What scientific method was looked into in the 1500-1600’s?
Rationalism and the scientific method.
Make observations-> think of interesting questions-> Formulate hypotheses-> Develop testable predictions-> Gather data to test predictions-> Develop general theories, and all throughout refine, alter, expand or reject hypothesis.
What is Aristotles’ theory of spontaneous generation?
There are three kinds of plants and animals:
- Reproduce from seed/parents, e.g human
- Grow out of another organism, e.g. Eels.
- Arises spontaneously from non-living material, e.g. Flies.
What are the two ways of viewing an embryo?
Preformation- a ‘miniature adult unfolds during development.
Epigenesis- embryo forms by successive gradual exchanges in development
What was Mendels’ discovery from the testing?
Inheritance is particulate, not blended, the particles later were renamed as genes.
Alleles are different versions of the same gene.
An individual carrying two identical alleles is termed homozygous.
An individual carrying two different alleles is termed heterozygous
What did Walter Sutton discover?
Chromosomes segregate at the first meiotic division. Germ cells have half as many chromosomes as other (somatic) cells
What did Theodore Boveri discover?
Egg and sperm each provide a half set of chromosomes to the developing zygote
What did Ronald Fisher discover?
Continous traits (e.g. height) is a statistical aggregate effect of multiple genes, explaining blended inheritance.
Define virulent?
Deadly in its effect, e.g virulent ‘smooth bacteria’.
