The Hip Joint

Question 1

What is the hip joint?

Answer 1

Ball and socket (enarthrodial)

Comprised of: head of femur & acetabulum of pelvic girdle.

Question 2

What does the pelvic girdle consist of?

Answer 2

Ilium, Pubic, Ischium are fused to form the pelvic bone (innominate bone or os coxa) and sacrum

Question 3

What is the largest, heaviest, and longest bone in the body?

Answer 3

Femur (not in the leg thought)

Question 4

The two pubic bones articulate at which point? ANd what type of articulation is this?

Answer 4

Pubic Symphysis

Amphiarthrodial articulation

Question 5

Where does the sacrum attach to the iliac bones?

Answer 5

Sacroiliac Joint (SI Joint)

Question 6

Is there any movement at the SI joint?

Answer 6

Yes a little (syndesmotic and synovial joint)

Question 7

T/F the hip has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What is the primary fx of the acetabulofemoral joint?

Answer 8

To support the weight of the HAT - head, arms, and trunk; and to allow mobility for ambulation.

Question 9

T/F Just like the upper extremity, the lower extremity often functions in a open kinematic/kinetic chain.

Answer 9

False, It often functions in a closed kinematic/kinetic chain

Question 10

Anatomical Landmarks of pelvis bone?

Answer 10

Iliac crest, ASIS, AIIS, acetabulum (2/5 ilium; 2/5 ischium; 1/5 pubis), pubic crest, pubic sup/asc ramus, pubic inf/desc ramus, ischial ramus, ischial tuberosity, obturator foramen, ischial spine, sciatic notches (greater & lesser), PSIS, PIIS.

Question 11

Anatomical Landmarks of the femur bone?

Answer 11

Femoral head and neck, greater and lesser trochanter, line asper.

Question 12

Angle of inclination

Answer 12

viewed from the front, the angle found between the line of the femoral shaft and the line that runs through the femoral neck…normal adult 125deg.

Question 13

Angle of torsion

Answer 13

viewed from above, the head and neck of the femur are not supposed to be parallel with the femoral condyles. The femur is twisted…that is the superior femur is twisted laterally so that the head is more anterior than the neck and greater trochanter. The angle formed by a line that passes throughout the head and neck and a line drawn along the posterior aspect of the femoral condyles. Normal = 15 deg

Question 14

femoral anterversion

Answer 14

Significant increase in angle of torsion

Question 15

femoral retroversion

Answer 15

Significant decrease in angle of torsion

Question 16

With a pathological anterversion, which motion is usually accompanied with it?

Answer 16

Internal Rotation of the femurs. This will affect the kinematics of gait.

Question 17

With a pathological retroversion, which motion is usually accompanied with it?

Answer 17

External Rotation of the femurs. This will affect the kinematics of gait.

Question 18

Sometimes the angle of torsion is called by another name, what is it?

Answer 18

Angle of anteversion

Question 19

T/F Both the angle of inclination and torsion increase as one ages.

Answer 19

False, they both decrease

Question 20

Name the muscles that are biarticulate about the hip and knee.

Answer 20

Sartorius, tensor fasciae latae, gracilis, hamstring group, and rectus femoris.

Question 21

Name all the anterior muscles of the hip which produce flexion primarily

Answer 21

Iliopsoas (combination of the iliac us, psoas major & psoas minor; MOST IMPORTANT HIP FLEXOR), Rectus Femoris, Sartorius, Tensor Fasciae Latae

Question 22

Iliopsoas

Answer 22

Combination of iliacus, psoas major & minor (most important hip flexor)
O: Inner surface of ilium; lateral aspect of bodies of T12 - L5
I: Lesser trochanter femur & femoral shaft just below
A: Big time hip flexor - pulls lower back into lordotic position or anterior pelvic tilt
WR: Straight-legged leg raises

Question 23

Rectus Femoris

Answer 23

(most auspicious position when the hip is in anatomical position or slightly hyper extended)
O: AIIS
I: Patellar tendon (ligament) to tibial tuberosity
A: Flexion of hip; EXTension at knee
WR: Squats; leg extensions; straight-legged leg raises

Question 24

Sartorius

Answer 24

O: ASIS
I: Anterior portion of the Medial Condyle of tibia
A: Flexion at hip; flexion at knee; EXTernal rotation of thigh

Question 25

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Answer 25

(this muscle seems to be expendable)
O: Ant. iliac crest
I: Iliotibial tract which attaches to lateral femoral condyle, fibular head, & lateral tibial condyle
A: Horizontal ABDuctor hip; ABDuction hip; Flexion hip; INTernal rotation thigh
WR: Nautilus Hip ABDuction machine; low cable ABDuction