The High Middle Ages Flashcards
the Norman Conquest
1066
The schism between the Catholic and Orthodox churches
1054
at the Hagia Sophia
Deus Vult
1095
The words of Pope Urban II launching the Crusades
The Investiture Controversy
1076
Pope Gregory VII excommunicates HRE Henry IV.
The Domesday Book is commissioned
1085
By William I
The murder of Thomas Becket
1171
By the men of Henry II in Canterbury Cathedral.
Crusaders sack Constantinople
1204
Crusaders and Venetians sack Constantinople. The Latin Empire replaces the Byzantine Empire.
Magna Carta
1215
The Mongols complete their conquest of Russia
1245
The Byzantine Empire returns to power in Constantinople
1261
Saint Thomas Aquinas completes his Summa Theologica
1274
Marco Polo returns to Italy
1300
Pope Boniface VIII issues the Bull Unam Sanctam
1302
One universal Church
The Pope is above all worldly leaders
Petrarch climbs Mount Ventroux
1336
and reads Saint Augustine. We know much about the universe, but little about man. The beginning of Humanism and the Renaissance.
The Black Death
1346-50
The beginning of the progroms in central Europe
1347
The completion of the Alhambra
1350
Wat Tyler’s Revolt
1381
The Battle of Agincourt
1415
Joan of Arc is burned at the stake
1431
the completion of the Cathedral of Florence
1436
by Filippo Brunelleschi
Gutenberg Press
1445
Concordat of Vienna
1448
Pope Eugenius IV and HRE Frederick III (Hapsburg) agree that each will appoint half the bishops in the HRE.
The Ottoman Turks capture Constantinople
1453
Sultan Mehmed II, an adherent of Sunni Islam.
The first printed book
1454
The Mainz Bible.
Columbus discovers America
1492
he lands in the West Indies
The Moors are expelled from Spain
1492
The Carolingian Renaissance
780
Head of the Palatine School
Celtic monk Alcuin; founded in 782.
The battle memorialized in the Song of Roland
The Battle of Roncevalles (in which the Saracens defeat the Franks).
Medieval Venice
Maintains its independence by defeating a Carolingian siege in 810
becomes the largest city in the middle ages – a banking and trade center
its merchants invent the commenda – a standardized form contract
The death of Charlemagne
- He is succeeded by his son, Louis the Pious
The Treaty of Verdun
843 Upon the death of Louis the Pious, the HRE is split between Charles the Bald (west), Louis the German (east), and Lothar (the middle, including Belgium, Switzerland, some of Italy)
The settlement of the iconoclasm controversy
843 leading to the golden age of the Byzantium empire, which lasts until the invasion of the Turks in 1071. During this period, the Slavs are converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, partly through the creation of the Cyrillic alphabet.
The Vikings discover Iceland and besiege Constantinople
860
The Viking Great Heathen Army conquers York and much of southern England
- It is led by Ivar the Boneless.
The Treaty of Mersen-in-the-Meuse
- Divides the Carolingian empire into two parts, with Charles the Bald receiving the west, Latin-speaking, region of Gaul, while the land east of the Rhine, which had never been conquered by Rome, went to another grandson.
King Alfred the Great (Alfred of Wessex) defeats the Great Heathen Army
- In doing so, he saves England from the Norsemen.
Alfred the Great captures London and becomes king of the Angles and Saxons.
886
Viking Chieftain Rollo becomes the first duke of Normandy
912
The Shi’ite Fatimids seize Egypt from the Abbasids
914
The rulers of 10th Century Spain
The Umayyads
The Umayyad Emir proclaims himself Caliph of Cordoba
- Cordoba comes to replace Baghdad as the most splendid Islamic center in the world. Its heyday is from 850 to 1009, when it suddenly collapses.
Otto I is crowned HRE
- By Pope Leo VIII following Otto’s defeat of the Magyars. His territory includes the eastern half of the Carolingian empire, as designated in the 870 Treaty of Mersen-in-the Meuse.
The Fatimid Caliphate conquers Egypt
- The Fatimid Caliphate builds its capital at Cairo, practices Shi’ite Islam (claiming to trace its power back to Muhammed’s daughter Fatima), and controls the territory from Syria, through the Levant and North Africa.
The start of the Capetian Dynasty
- With the crowning of Hugh Capet. The Capetians reign until 1328.
Approximate time of the rise of feudalism
11th Century
The Egyptian Fatimid Caliph orders the razing of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem
- Providing a justification for the Crusades, though the church is rebuilt by his successors in 1048.
