The Hellenistic Age Flashcards
The conquests of Alexander the Great
334 to 323 BC
The Battle of Chaeronea
338 BC King Philip II of Macedonia conquers a confederation of Greek city-states and assumes control over Greece.
Alexander becomes King of Macedonia
336 upon the death of Philip II
The Battle of Guagamela
331 BC Alexander defeats Darius III leading to the defeat of the Persian empire.
Alexander sacks Persepolis
330 BC the capital of the Persian empire.
Alexander dies
323 BC his empire is split up between his four generals. Ptolemy rules Egypt and makes his capital at Alexandria; the Seleucid dynasty rules Syria.
The First Punic War
264 to 241 BC
The Second Punic War
218 to 201 BC. Hannibal crosses the Alps and defeats the Roman army in 216 BC.
Hannibal crosses the Alps and reaches the gates of Rome
218 BC and 212 BC
Scipio defeats Hannibal at the Battle of Zama
202 BC Ending the last major threat to the Roman Empire for centuries.
The Seleucid King Antiochus the Great wrests Jerusalem from Ptolemaic control
198 BC. The Seleucids of Syria rule Palestine from 198 to 42 BC.
The Romans defeat the Macedonians and the Syrians on the plains of Cynoscephalae in Thessaly.
197 BC This ends Macedonian dominance of Greece.
Asia Minor becomes a Roman protectorate
190 BC Lucius Scipio defeats the Seleucid King Antiochus III in a battle near Magnesia.
The Maccabean Revolt
167 to 142 BC. Under Judas Maccabeus the Jews gain independence from the Seleucids of Syria, which they maintain until 63 BC. Palestine is ruled by the Hasmoneans. The Jewish sects form: Pharisees; Sadducees; Essenes.
The Battle of Corinth
146 BC The Roman Republic defeats the Achaean League at the Battle of Corinth. Greece becomes a Roman province.
The Third Punic War
149 to 146 BC It ends with Rome destroying Carthage and gaining complete hegemony in the Mediterranean. The Romans burn Carthage to the ground and sell its citizens into slavery.
The Spartacus slave revolt
73 to 71 BC
Pompey Magnus conquers western Asia
63 BC Judea becomes a Roman protectorate
Julius Caesar invades Britain
55 BC. Rome does not conquer Britain until the first century AD
Lucretius writes On the Nature of Things
50 BC
Caesar crosses the Rubicon
49 BC
The Great Roman Civil War
49-45 BC. Between Caesar and the Populares and the Optimates faction of the Senate, led by Pompey.
The Battle of Pharsalus
48 BC in Greece. Caesar defeats Pompey, who flees to Egypt where he is killed.
Caesar is declared Dictator Perpetuous of Rome and assassinated.
44 BC by Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus.
The Battle of Philippi
42 BC Mark Anthony and Octavian defeat the Republicans Brutus and Cassius, leading to the end of the Republic.
The Treaty of Brundisium
40 BC between Mark Anthony and Octavian. Mark Anthony is to rule the east, while Octavian rules the west.
The Battle of Actium
31 BC Octavian defeats Mark Anthony and Cleopatra.
Octavian becomes Caesar Augustus, emperor of Rome
27 BC
Virgil completes the Aeneid
19 BC
The life of Jesus
4 BC to 30 AD
The Battle of the Teutoburg Woods
9 AD Germanic chieftain Arminius destroys three legions led by General Varus. The defeat permanently halt Roman expansion at the Rhine.
The Apostles Peter and Paul are martyred in Rome
64 AD
The First Jewish Revolt
67 to 70 AD Led by the Zealots, it ends in the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple. The Romans capture the fortress of Masada from the Sicarri in 73.
The eruption of Mount Vesuvius
79 AD destroying the City of Pompeii.
Claudius Ptolemy writes the Almagest
150 AD
The Crisis of the Third Century in Rome
235 to 294 from the assassination of the emperor Alexander Severus by his own troops to the ascension of Diocletian in 294.
Herod the Great rules Palestine
37 to 4 BC
Judea becomes a Roman province
6 AD
The rein of Augustus
27 BC to 14 AD
Jesus is crucified
30
Paul and Peter are martyred
64
The first Jewish Revolt
66-70
The Romans capture Massada
- 960 Jews commit suicide.
The eruption of Mount Vesuvius
- Pompey and Heraculaneum are destroyed
The second Jewish revolt
132-35 under Simon bar Cochba
Completion of the Almagest
150 by Claudius Ptolemy.
The Crisis of the Third Century
235-94
The Battle of Edessa
- Persian King Shapur I captures and kills Roman Emperor Valerian
The reign of Diocletian
284-305.
The Battle of the Milvian Bridge
- Constantine defeats Maxentius and becomes Augustus of the west. He then converts to Christianity.
The Edict of Milan
313
Constantine becomes emperor of all the Roman Empire
324 upon his defeat of Licinius at the battle of Chrysopolis.
The Council of Nicea
325
The capital of Rome moves to Constantinople
330
The Battle of Andrianople
- The Visigoths defeat and kill Emperor Valens
Theodosius bags pagan and heretical cuts
381 at the council of Constantinople – a step toward making Christianity the sole religion of the Roman empire.
Destruction of the Serapeum in Alexandria by a Christian mob
392
The permanent split of Rome between east and west with the death of Emperor Theodosius I.
395
Saint Jerome completes the Vulgate
405 his translation of the Old Testament from Hebrew (and/or Greek) into Latin and the New Testament from Greek into Latin.
The sack of Rome by Alaric the Visigoth
410
Rome withdraws from England
411
A Christian mob in Alexandria murders Hypatia
415
The writing of Saint Augustine of Hippo
400 to 430.
Predestination
original sin
advocates for forced conversion
The Vandals conquer North Africa
429 to 439, cutting off Rome’s grain supply.
