The Heart & Heart Disease (A&P book) Flashcards
The right side of the heart pumps blood through the ____________ circuit.
pulmonary
The ____________ side of the heart pumps blood over longer distances than the other side.
left
The lower chambers of the heart are called the _________________.
ventricles
The right atrioventricular valve is also known as the _____________ valve.
tricuspid
The aortic and pulmonary valves are collectively known as the ___________ valves.
semilunar
The ventricles contract during the cardiac cycle phase called ____________.
systole
The product of the stroke volume and the heart rate is called the ____________.
cardiac output
The heart rate is usually set by a collection of conducting cells called the ___________.
sinoatrial node
The heart sound that occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole is usually described by the syllable _________.
lub
Inflammation of the serous membrane surrounding the heart results in _____________.
pericarditis
Until middle age, the gender most likely to develop heart disease is _______________.
male
A heart murmur would most simply be detected by an instrument called a(n) ________________.
stethoscope
Electrical changes in the heart are detected by an instrument called a(n) ___________________.
electrocardiograph
A plant-derived substance that slows and strengthens heart muscle contractions is ________________.
digitalis
A small tube inserted into a coronary artery to prevent repeated blockage is called a(n) _______________.
stent
Endocarditis is
A) inflammation of the epithelial lining of the heart
B) inflammation of a serous membrane
C) a form of heart disease that follows rheumatic fever
D) a congenital heart defect
A) inflammation of the epithelial lining of the heart
The part of the heart capable of generating the largest force is the A) right atrium B) left atrium C) right ventricle D) left ventricle
D) left ventricle
The heart chamber that receives blood from the lungs is the A) right atrium B) left atrium C) right ventricle D) left ventricle
B) left atrium
The left ventricle receives blood from the A) pulmonary veins B) left atrium C) right ventricle D) pulmonary artery
B) left atrium
The valve preventing blood from re-entering the left ventricle is the A) mitral valve B) tricuspid valve C) pulmonary valve D) aortic valve
D) aortic valve
The semilunar valves are the A) mitral and bicuspid B) aortic and mitral C) pulmonary and bicuspid D) aortic and pulmonary
D) aortic and pulmonary
The coronary sinus A) supplies blood to the heart B) supplies blood to the head C) drains into the superior vena cava D) collects blood from the myocardium
D) collects blood from the myocardium
The first vessels that branch off the aorta are the A) pulmonary arteries B) coronary arteries C) carotid artery D) subclavian artery
B) coronary arteries
The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle with each contraction is called the A) cardiac output B) heart rate C) stroke volume D) cardiac cycle
C) stroke volume
The order in which impulses travel through the heart is
A) bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, sinoatrial node, AV node
B) Purkinje fibers, bundle of His, AV node, sinoatrial node
C) sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
D) atrioventricular node, bundle of His, sinoatrial node, Purkinje fibers
C) sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
The normal pacemaker of the heart is the A) bundle of His B) Purkinje fibers C) atrioventricular node D) sinoatrial node
D) sinoatrial node
The second heart sound, often interpreted as a “dup,” is largely caused by the
A) opening of the atrioventricular valves
B) closing of the atrioventricular valves
C) opening of the semilunar valves
D) closing of the semilunar valves
D) closing of the semilunar valves
An area of tissue damaged by a heart attack is called a(n) A) thrombosis B) occlusion C) infarct D) plaque
C) infarct
Which of the following pieces of equipment uses x-rays to visualize structures? A) echocardiograph B) electrocardiograph C) fluoroscope D) stethoscope
C) fluoroscope
Angioplasty is used to A) open restricted arteries B) restore a normal heart rhythm C) slow down the heart D) study the structure of the heart
A) open restricted arteries
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents are used to
A) increase heart rate and stroke volume
B) correct cardiac arrhythmias
C) dissolve blood clots
D) reduce the rate and strength of cardiac contractions
D) reduce the rate and strength of cardiac contractions
Explain why the heart is described as a double pump.
The heart has two sides that pump together to send blood through two different systems. The right side pumps blood through the pulmonary circuit to the lungs to be oxygenated. The left side pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all remaining body tissues.
Mr. L suffered a myocardial infarction that incapacitated his sinoatrial node. His atrioventricular node is now acting as the pacemaker. How will his heartbeat differ from normal? What is the eventual treatment for his condition?
His heartbeat will be slower than normal, and the atria will not contract normally. Mr. L should be treated by implanting an artificial pacemaker in his chest.
What is the difference between a myocardial infarction and angina pectoris? Use the following terms (or derivatives) in your answer: infarct, ischemia, thrombus, and occlusion.
A myocardial infarction, or heart attack, results from a clot (thrombus) that creates a blockage (occlusion) in a coronary artery. The occlusion results in insufficient blood supply (ischemia) to the region of heart muscle normally supplied by the artery, so this region (the infarct) is damaged. There is also ischemia in angina pectoris, but the ischemia reflects coronary artery disease rather than a clot. In addition, although angina pectoris may be a warning sign of a serious condition, it is not immediately life threatening.
