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Cardio > Araceli > Flashcards

Araceli Flashcards

1
Q

In an adult, erythrocytes are continuously produced in the

A

red bone marrow

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2
Q

*A patient has a test ordered to determine why he is having fatigue and soreness of the tongue. A test that will measure the absorption of radioactive vitamin B12 is

A

Schilling test

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3
Q

The spleen stores how many milliliters of blood that can be released in emergencies?

A

500 mL (1 pint)

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4
Q

*The patient has agranulocytosis with a neutrophil count of 10%. The most important nursing intervention would be

A

avoiding infection

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5
Q

What is the “life-cycle” of RBC’s?

A

120 days

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6
Q

What does the “QRS” complex represent?

A

depolarization of the ventricles.

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7
Q

What does the “T” represent?

A

repolarization of the ventricles.

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8
Q

What does the “P” represent?

A

depolarization of the atria.

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9
Q

What do radiographic examinations of the chest provide?

A

A film record of the heart size, shape, and position/outline of the shadows.

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10
Q

What is Sinoatrial node (SA node)?

A

The normal pacemaker of the heart is the

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11
Q

A patient complains of burning and numbness in her hands and states that “they turn really red” if she is in an air-conditioned environment for too long. What are her symptoms suggestive of?

A

Raynaud’s disease

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12
Q

The most important factor in regulating the caliber of blood vessels, which determines resistance to flow, is:

A

The sympathetic nervous system

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13
Q

Buerger’s disease is NOT characterized by

A

Lipid deposits in the arteries

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14
Q

A significant cause of venous thrombosis is:

A

a. Altered blood coagulation
b. Stasis of blood
c. Vessel wall injury

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15
Q

A client who has been receiving heparin therapy also is started on warfarin sodium (coumadin). The client asks the nurse why both medications are being administered. In formulating a response, the nurse incorporates the understanding that warfarin sodium:

.

A

Inhibits synthesis of specific clotting factors in the liver, and it takes 3 to 4 days for this medication to exert an anticoagulation effect.

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16
Q

Mike, a 43-year old construction worker, has a history of hypertension. He smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, is nervous about the possibility of being unemployed, and has difficulty coping with stress. His current concern is calf pain during minimal exercise that decreased with rest. The nurse assesses Mike’s symptoms as being associated with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The nursing diagnosis is probably:

A

Alteration in tissue perfusion related to compromised circulation

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17
Q

(this one was an extra credit question)

Which technique is considered the gold standard for diagnosing DVT?

A

venography

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18
Q

In preparation for discharge of a client with arterial insufficiency and Raynaud’s disease, client teaching instructions should include:

A

Keeping the heat up so that the environment is warm

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19
Q

A client comes to the outpatient clinic and tells the nurse that he has had legs pains that begin when he walks but cease when he stops walking. Which of the following conditions would the nurse assess for?

A

Peripheral vascular problems in both legs

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20
Q

Which of the following characteristics is typical of the pain associated with DVT?

A

sudden onset

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21
Q

A client is admitted with a venous stasis leg ulcer. A nurse assesses the ulcer, expecting to note that the ulcer:

A

Has brown pigmentation around it.

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22
Q

what teaching instructions must be given to patients wearing cardiac telemetry monitors

A

Never remove telemetry device so pt can shower!!! Unless dr order.

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23
Q

why would an MRI be contraindicated for a patient with a pacemaker

A

may cause interference, placing the pacemaker in a fixed mode and interfering with its functioning

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24
Q

heart rate for normal sinus rhythem

A

rate of 60 to 100 beats/minute.

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25
Q

heart rate for sinus bradycardia

A

less than 60 bpm

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26
Q

heart rate for sinus tachycardia

A

100-150 bpm

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27
Q

coumdin-patient teaching

A

-avoid dark green and yellow vegetables in diet d/t high in Vit K which counteracts drug

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28
Q

coumadin-what are therapeutic levels for this medication

A

maintain an INR between 2 and 3

29
Q

RIGHT sided heart failure:

A

Dependent edema of the extremities, enlargement of the liver, oliguria, jugular vein distention, and abdominal distention

30
Q

what is the major cause of cardiac valve disease

A

history of rheumatic fever

31
Q

A patient, age 59, has Buerger’s disease. The most important aspect of patient compliance in order to decrease signs and symptoms of Buerger’s disease is

A

no smoking

32
Q

The patient has been hospitalized for congestive heart failure (CHF) three times in the last 4 months. While preparing the discharge teaching plan, the nurse assesses that he does not comply with his medication regimen. The nurse’s immediate course of action would be to

A

collect more information to identify his reasons for noncompliance.

33
Q

Which would be included in teaching for patients with Raynaud’s disease? (Select all that apply.)

A

b. Use mittens in cold weather
c. Practice stress-reducing techniques
d. Complete smoking cessation
e. Use caution when cleaning the refrigerator or freezer

34
Q

what is the best nursing action that will lessen the severity of a patients orthostatic hypotension

A

change his position routinely, especially from horizontal to verticals

35
Q

when caring for a patient whose health care provider has ordered furosemide (lasix) what will the nurse recognize when the medication is having the desired effect

A

production of increased urine

36
Q
  • a 62 yr old is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of CHF. she has had angina for many years and recently her symptoms have been getting worse as a result of arteriosclerosis. in establishing a patient care plan what is the primary goal of treatment.
A

reduce work load of the heart

37
Q

the nurse is providing patient teaching for a 58 yr old patient with raynauds disease. what information should be included

A
  • avoid cold
  • practice stress reduction techniques
  • comply with smoking cessation
  • limit caffeine intake
38
Q

a 63 yr old patient has buergers disease. what is the most important aspect of patient compliance to decrease signs and symptoms of buergers disease

A

cessation of tobacco

39
Q

Care of the Patient with a Cardiovascular or a Peripheral Vascular Disorder (adult health)”

Care of the Patient with a Blood or Lymphatic Disorder (adult health)”

A

1

40
Q

What is myocardium?

A

It forms the bulk of the heart wall and is the thickest and strongest layer of the heart. It is compose of cardiac muscle tissue. Contraction of this tissue is responsible for pumping of the blood.

41
Q

What is the purpose of the Right Atrium?

A

It receives deoxygenated blood from the entire body.

42
Q

What is the purpose of the Left Atrium?

A

It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the Pulmonary Veins.

43
Q

What is the purpose of the left Ventricles?

A

It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium. It is the thickest, most muscular section of the heart and pumps the oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all parts of the body.

44
Q

What is the purpose of the Right Ventricle?

A

It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps blood to lungs via the Pulmonary Artery to release carbon dioxide and receive oxygen.

45
Q

What is the function of the Bundle of His?

A

Conduction fibers that sends impulses to the right and left ventricles via the purkinje fibers

46
Q

What is the function of Purkinje fibers?

A

It surrounds the ventricles and allow the heart’s conduction system to create synchronized contractions of its ventricles

47
Q

What actions are responsible for “lubb”

A

lubb is when the AV valves close

48
Q

Modifiable Factors Modifiable factors for CAD

A 
are those in which the patient can make life adjustments to reduce the incidence of heart disease:
Smoking
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Obesity
49
Q

atherosclerosis

A

arterial disorder characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris in the inner layers of the walls of the arteries

50
Q

How is edema assessed and documented?

on the test i remember the question asking about 1/4

A

To assess for pitting edema, gently press the skin on the affected extremity for at least 5 seconds.
1+ trace, rapid response (less than 1/4”)**
2+ mild, 10-15 seconds (=1/4-1/2)**
3+ moderate, 1-2 minutes
4+ severe, 2-5 minutes

51
Q

Describe the complete blood count (CBC)

A

RBC
WBC w/diff
hemoglobin
hematocrit.

52
Q

(this is an extra credit question)

Universal donor has what blood type

A

O

53
Q

The student nurse is reviewing the patient’s chart and notes that the patient experiences intermittent claudication. When is the patient most likely to experience this disorder?

A

following exercise

54
Q

With peripheral arterial insufficiency, leg pain during rest can be reduced by:

A

Lowering the limb so it is dependent

55
Q

*Intravenous heparin therapy is ordered for a client. While implementing this order, a nurse ensures that which of the following medications is available on the nursing unit?

A

Protamine sulfate

56
Q

A nurse is assessing a client with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following assessment findings by the nurse is probably unrelated to the aneurysm?

A

Hyperactive bowel sounds in that area

57
Q

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is most common among which groups?

A

children and in adults age 65 and older

58
Q

Most common S/S for thrombophlebitis is?

Homan’s sign is what?

A

positive Homan’s sign

pain in the calf of the leg when foot is dorsiflexed (may indicate deep venous clot in the calf)

59
Q

What not to do w/ pt that has a VTE?

A

DO NOT MASSAGE AREA

60
Q

difference between primary and seconday HTN

A

?

61
Q

What are the functions of Basophils (mast cells)?

A

release HISTAMINE and HEPARIN when tissues are damaged. Causes dilation of blood vessels and inhibits clot formation.

62
Q

What happens when the mature neutrophils are used up? Where do they ‘shift’ when in demand?

A

“shift to the left”

63
Q

What is peripheral smear?

A

allows examination of the size, shape and structure of individual RBCs and platelets.

64
Q

MULTIPLE MYELOMA

Nursing Interventions

A
  • Use ambulation and adequate hydration to treat hypercalcemia, dehydration, and potential renal damage.
  • Fluid intake of 3 to 4 L/day is encouraged to prevent dehydration and maintain a urinary output of 1.5 to 2 L/day
65
Q

What is thrombosis?

A

Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.

66
Q

What are normal findings of a schilling test?

A

8 to 40% within 24 hours

** on the test it says 20% which indicates NORMAL **

67
Q

what is the most common site for Bone Marrow Aspiration or Biopsy?

A

posterior iliac crest

68
Q

who are usually the carriers males or females ?

I remember the test asking something about this

A

females In Hemophilia,

69
Q

What is echocardiography?

A

It uses high-frequency ultrasound directed at the heart. The echo, or reflected sound, is graphically recorded, outlining size, shape and position of cardiac structures. It is used to detect pericardial effusion.

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