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Anatomy CVS > The Heart And Mediastanium > Flashcards

The Heart And Mediastanium Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

Base of the Heart direction

A

backward to right+upward

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2
Q

Apex location

A

lies in the left 5th intercostal space, 9 cm from the midline.

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3
Q

What does Anterior interventricular sulcus contain

A

anterior interventricular artery

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4
Q

coronary sulcus contains

A

(right coronary artery and coronary sinus).

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5
Q

Tough external layer of pericardium known as

A

Fibrous Pericardium

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6
Q

transverse pericardial sinus location

A

anterior to the superior vena cava and posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.

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7
Q

can be used to identify and subsequently ligate the arteries of the heart during coronary artery bypass grafting.

A

transverse pericardial sinus

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8
Q

oblique pericardial sinus

A

lies posterior to the heart
between the left atrium in front and the fibrous pericardium behind.

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9
Q

Endocardium histology

A

single layer of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer
of loose connective tissue.

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10
Q

Type of connective tissue in epicardium

A

Fatty not loose

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11
Q

Smooth posterior sinus venarum receives blood from

A

SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus.

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12
Q

Atrium proper is part of

A

Rough anterior of right atrium

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13
Q

Depression of septal wall in the right atrium

A

Fossa Ovalis

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14
Q

Right Atrioventricular Orifice and Tricuspid Valve location

A

2.5 cm. in diameter, situated behind the midline of
the sternum, opposite the 4th intercostal space.

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15
Q

What forms right pulmonary surface of heart

A

Right atrium

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16
Q

Which ventricular groove is seen from the diaphragmatic surface

A

Posterior

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17
Q

From when the left atrium is seen

A

Base(forms most of it)
Left pulmonary surface( small part)

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18
Q

sternopericardial ligaments function

A

Attaching Fibrous pericardium to the posterior surface of the sternum

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19
Q

(?) is fused to and inseparable from the fibrous pericardium

A

Outer parietal layer of serous pericardium

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20
Q

Inner layer of pericardium (outer most of heart wall ) known as

A

Visceral layer or epicardium

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21
Q

What lines cavities of heart

A

Endocardium which consists of simple squamous epithelial layer supported by loose CT

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22
Q

crista terminalis is

A

muscular ridge that divides interior of right atrium into 2 parts

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23
Q

Atrium proper location and structure

A

located anterior to the crista terminalis, and includes the right auricle. It has rough, muscular walls formed
by pectinate muscles.

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24
Q

Smooth posterior part of right atrium is called

A

sinus venarum

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25
Fossa Ovalis is a remant of
Foramen ovale
26
Structure above fossa ovalis
Limbus Fossa Ovalis.
27
The orifice of the coronary sinus in the right atrium is located between
Orifice of IVC and right atrioventricular orifice
28
Right ventricle is devided according to what and by what structure
According to blood flow ( inflow and outflow) by supraventricular crest.
29
Outflow portion of the right ventricle name
(Conus arteriosus or infundibulum)
30
Outflow portion of right ventricle is located?
Above supraventricular crest and flows to pulmonary artery (trunk)
31
Physiological function of the fibrous ring is
Keeping the Atrial electrical activity separated from the Ventricular electrical activity
32
Tricuspid auscultation sound location
Left to sternum of 4th intercostal space
33
Rough anterior part of left atrium includes
left auricle lined by pectinate muscles
34
left atrioventricular orifice guarded by
Bicuspid valve (mitral)
35
Papillary muscles number in left ventricle
2
36
Which ventricle has more trabeculae
Left
37
Why left ventricle has 2 papillary muscles
Cause the valve is bicuspid
38
Outflow portion of left ventricle name is
Aortic vestibule
39
Which ventricle has thicker wall
Left
40
Inter ventricular septum is formed by 2 parts characterized by
Upper: membranous (part of fibrous skeleton) Lower: muscular (thick as left vent wall)
41
What are the cusps of left atrioventricular valve
Anterior and posterior ( bicuspid mitral valve)
42
Auscultation of mitral valve located
Left 5th intercostal space
43
Coronary arteries originates from
Aortic sinus
44
Atrial septal ovale is
Patent foramen ovale ,pfo,
45
“PFO” physiological complications
Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood which lowers oxygen levels in blood pumped to organs thus may lead to stroke in brain
46
Aortic valve has what cusps
Thick right,left,posterior semilunar cusps
47
The aortic sinus are? than pulmonary sinuses.
Larger
48
Tetralogy of fallout abnormalities
• It is a congenital heart disease, which involves four abnormalities: 1. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). 2. Overriding aorta (aorta is positioned directly over the VSD). 3. Pulmonary valve stenosis. 4. Right ventricular hypertrophy.
49
SA node location
• Located in the upper wall of the right atrium, at the junction of the right atrium and superior vena cava, near the superior end of the sulcus terminalis.
50
AV node location
Located in the lower anterior part of interatrial septum, near the opening of the coronary sinus.
51
Coronary sinus receive blood from ? and sends it to?
Coronary veins/right atrium
52
Openings in the right atrium (5)
 SVC  IVC  Coronary Sinus  Venae Cordis Minimae (are scattered along the walls of the right atrium)  Right Atrioventricular Orifice (guarded by tricuspid valve)
53
Right ventricle is separated into halves by
Supraventricular crest
54
LargeTrabeculae carneae forms? And the formed structure serves as point of attachment for tendon like cords called?
Papillary muscles (3 in number)( anterior,posterior,septal) Chordae tendineae
55
• The moderator band (septomarginal trabecula) is
• The moderator band (septomarginal trabecula) is a muscular ridge spans between the interventricular septum and the anterior wall of the right ventricle. It has an important conductive function, containing the right bundle branches.
56
When the right ventricle contracts, the tricuspid
Closes
57
Outflow portion of right ventricle is called
Conus arteriosus or infundibulum
58
Outflow portion name is
Conus arteriosus or infundibulum
59
Outflow portion of right ventricle location
Above supraventricular crest
60
Pulmonary semilunar valve is located in the?of outflow tract
Apex
61
Fibrous ring surrounds?
right and left atrioventricular orifices, the pulmonary orifice and aortic orifices
62
Pulmonary Semilunar cusps free edges forms what
Pulmonary sinus(pocket like structure
63
Left auricle overlaps what?
Root of pulmonary trunk
64
Mediastinum is located between which 2 sacs
Pleural
65
Boundaries of mediastinum
Superior:thoracic outlet ( manubrium,rib1,T1 var) Inferior:diaphragm Anterior:sternum Posterior: thoracic vertebrae Lateral: lungs and pleura
66
Describe the division of mediastinum
Divided into 2 parts(superior and inferior) by a horizontal line from sternal angel to lower border of T4 vertebrae Then the inferior half is divided into 3 parts( anterior ,middle and posterior ) according to their position by respective of the heart
67
Describe boundaries of superior mediastinum
Superior: thoracic outlet Inferior:horizontal plane Anterior: manubrium of sternum Posterior: upper 4 thoracic vertebrae Lateral: lungs and pleurae
68
Describe boundaries of anterior mediastinum
Superior:horizontal plane Inferior:diaphragm Anterior:body and xiphoid of sternum Posterior:heart Lateral:lung and pleurae
69
Posterior mediastinum boundaries
Superior:horizontal plane Inferior: diaphragm Anterior:heart(middle mediastinum) Posterior:lower 8 thoracic vertebrae Lateral:lung
70
Thymus gland is found in which mediastinum
Superior and anterior
71
Which structure is present in all parts of mediastinum
Lymph nodes
72
Phrenic (R+L) nerve is found in
Superior and middle mediastinum
73
Heart,pericardium,ascending aorta,SVC,IVC,pulmonary arteries,pulmonary veins,pulmonary trunk,phrenic nerve and lymph nodes are found in
Middle mediastinum
74
Vagus nerve is found in
Superior and posterior mediastinum
75
Nerves of superior mediastinum
(L+R) vagus, phrenic, L recurrent larengeal, cardiac peluxes,upper sympathetic trunk
76
Thoracic duct is found in which mediastinum
Superior and posterior
77
Veins of posterior mediastinum
Azygos,hemiazygos
78
Where can the stereo-pericardial ligaments can be found in the mediastinum
Anterior mediastinum
79
Which part of esophagus is found in the posterior mediastinum
Anterior
80
Thoracic duct is located behind
Esophagus
81
Nerve innervation of posterior mediastinum
Sympathetic trunks and vagus
82
Vein found in superior mediastinum
Barchiocephalic ,SVC,upper azygos
83
Arch of aorta is found in which mediastinum
Superior
84
Arteries of superior mediastinum
Arch of aorta,brachiocephalic,left common carotid,left subclavian
85
Where does thymus lay
Between sternum and pericardium
86
What is the mostly anterior structure of mediastinum
Thymus gland * most anterior of superior mediastinum * can reach the neck
87
Right and left vagus gives parasympathetic intervention for
Abdominal +thoracic organs
88
Right and left phrenic nerve innervates for
Diaphragm
89
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve arises from
Left vagus nerve
90
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve location
Neck not superior mediastinum
91
Sympathetic nerves which are considered as extrinsic innervation of heart originates from
Upper 4~4 thoracic segments of spinal cord
92
Vagus nerve arises form and gives rise to what
Origin: medulla oblongata of brain stem Branches into: parasympathetic nerves of heart
93
Superficial Cardiac Plexus situated
below the arch of aorta.
94
Deep Cardiac Plexus is situated
in front of bifurcation of trachea and behind arch of aorta.
95
Where can the right bundle be found
Septomarginal trabeculae

Anatomy CVS (3 decks)

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