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Anatomy CVS > The Heart And Mediastanium > Flashcards

The Heart And Mediastanium Flashcards

1
Q

Base of the Heart direction

A

backward to right+upward

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2
Q

Apex location

A

lies in the left 5th intercostal space, 9 cm from the midline.

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3
Q

What does Anterior interventricular sulcus contain

A

anterior interventricular artery

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4
Q

coronary sulcus contains

A

(right coronary artery and coronary sinus).

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5
Q

Tough external layer of pericardium known as

A

Fibrous Pericardium

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6
Q

transverse pericardial sinus location

A

anterior to the superior vena cava and posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.

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7
Q

can be used to identify and subsequently ligate the arteries of the heart during coronary artery bypass grafting.

A

transverse pericardial sinus

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8
Q

oblique pericardial sinus

A

lies posterior to the heart
between the left atrium in front and the fibrous pericardium behind.

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9
Q

Endocardium histology

A

single layer of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer
of loose connective tissue.

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10
Q

Type of connective tissue in epicardium

A

Fatty not loose

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11
Q

Smooth posterior sinus venarum receives blood from

A

SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus.

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12
Q

Atrium proper is part of

A

Rough anterior of right atrium

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13
Q

Depression of septal wall in the right atrium

A

Fossa Ovalis

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14
Q

Right Atrioventricular Orifice and Tricuspid Valve location

A

2.5 cm. in diameter, situated behind the midline of
the sternum, opposite the 4th intercostal space.

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15
Q

What forms right pulmonary surface of heart

A

Right atrium

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16
Q

Which ventricular groove is seen from the diaphragmatic surface

A

Posterior

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17
Q

From when the left atrium is seen

A

Base(forms most of it)
Left pulmonary surface( small part)

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18
Q

sternopericardial ligaments function

A

Attaching Fibrous pericardium to the posterior surface of the sternum

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19
Q

(?) is fused to and inseparable from the fibrous pericardium

A

Outer parietal layer of serous pericardium

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20
Q

Inner layer of pericardium (outer most of heart wall ) known as

A

Visceral layer or epicardium

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21
Q

What lines cavities of heart

A

Endocardium which consists of simple squamous epithelial layer supported by loose CT

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22
Q

crista terminalis is

A

muscular ridge that divides interior of right atrium into 2 parts

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23
Q

Atrium proper location and structure

A

located anterior to the crista terminalis, and includes the right auricle. It has rough, muscular walls formed
by pectinate muscles.

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24
Q

Smooth posterior part of right atrium is called

A

sinus venarum

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25
Q

Fossa Ovalis is a remant of

A

Foramen ovale

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26
Q

Structure above fossa ovalis

A

Limbus Fossa Ovalis.

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27
Q

The orifice of the coronary sinus in the right atrium is located between

A

Orifice of IVC and right atrioventricular orifice

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28
Q

Right ventricle is devided according to what and by what structure

A

According to blood flow ( inflow and outflow) by supraventricular crest.

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29
Q

Outflow portion of the right ventricle name

A

(Conus arteriosus or infundibulum)

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30
Q

Outflow portion of right ventricle is located?

A

Above supraventricular crest and flows to pulmonary artery (trunk)

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31
Q

Physiological function of the fibrous ring is

A

Keeping the Atrial electrical activity separated from the Ventricular electrical activity

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32
Q

Tricuspid auscultation sound location

A

Left to sternum of 4th intercostal space

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33
Q

Rough anterior part of left atrium includes

A

left auricle lined by pectinate muscles

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34
Q

left atrioventricular orifice guarded by

A

Bicuspid valve (mitral)

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35
Q

Papillary muscles number in left ventricle

A

2

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36
Q

Which ventricle has more trabeculae

A

Left

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37
Q

Why left ventricle has 2 papillary muscles

A

Cause the valve is bicuspid

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38
Q

Outflow portion of left ventricle name is

A

Aortic vestibule

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39
Q

Which ventricle has thicker wall

A

Left

40
Q

Inter ventricular septum is formed by 2 parts characterized by

A

Upper: membranous (part of fibrous skeleton)
Lower: muscular (thick as left vent wall)

41
Q

What are the cusps of left atrioventricular valve

A

Anterior and posterior ( bicuspid mitral valve)

42
Q

Auscultation of mitral valve located

A

Left 5th intercostal space

43
Q

Coronary arteries originates from

A

Aortic sinus

44
Q

Atrial septal ovale is

A

Patent foramen ovale ,pfo,

45
Q

“PFO” physiological complications

A

Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood which lowers oxygen levels in blood pumped to organs thus may lead to stroke in brain

46
Q

Aortic valve has what cusps

A

Thick right,left,posterior semilunar cusps

47
Q

The aortic sinus are? than pulmonary sinuses.

A

Larger

48
Q

Tetralogy of fallout abnormalities

A

• It is a congenital heart disease, which
involves four abnormalities:
1. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD).
2. Overriding aorta (aorta is positioned
directly over the VSD).
3. Pulmonary valve stenosis.
4. Right ventricular hypertrophy.

49
Q

SA node location

A

• Located in the upper wall of the right atrium, at the junction of the right
atrium and superior vena cava, near the superior end of the sulcus
terminalis.

50
Q

AV node location

A

Located in the lower anterior part of interatrial septum, near the
opening of the coronary sinus.

51
Q

Coronary sinus receive blood from ? and sends it to?

A

Coronary veins/right atrium

52
Q

Openings in the right atrium (5)

A

 SVC
 IVC
 Coronary Sinus
 Venae Cordis Minimae (are scattered along the walls of the right atrium)
 Right Atrioventricular Orifice (guarded by tricuspid valve)

53
Q

Right ventricle is separated into halves by

A

Supraventricular crest

54
Q

LargeTrabeculae carneae forms? And the formed structure serves as point of attachment for tendon like cords called?

A

Papillary muscles (3 in number)( anterior,posterior,septal)
Chordae tendineae

55
Q

• The moderator band (septomarginal trabecula) is

A

• The moderator band (septomarginal trabecula) is a muscular ridge
spans between the interventricular septum and the anterior wall of the
right ventricle. It has an important conductive function,
containing the right bundle branches.

56
Q

When the right ventricle
contracts, the tricuspid

A

Closes

57
Q

Outflow portion of right ventricle is called

A

Conus arteriosus or infundibulum

58
Q

Outflow portion name is

A

Conus arteriosus or infundibulum

59
Q

Outflow portion of right ventricle location

A

Above supraventricular crest

60
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve is located in the?of outflow tract

A

Apex

61
Q

Fibrous ring surrounds?

A

right and left atrioventricular orifices, the pulmonary orifice and aortic
orifices

62
Q

Pulmonary Semilunar cusps free edges forms what

A

Pulmonary sinus(pocket like structure

63
Q

Left auricle overlaps what?

A

Root of pulmonary trunk

64
Q

Mediastinum is located between which 2 sacs

A

Pleural

65
Q

Boundaries of mediastinum

A

Superior:thoracic outlet ( manubrium,rib1,T1 var)
Inferior:diaphragm
Anterior:sternum
Posterior: thoracic vertebrae
Lateral: lungs and pleura

66
Q

Describe the division of mediastinum

A

Divided into 2 parts(superior and inferior) by a horizontal line from sternal angel to lower border of T4 vertebrae
Then the inferior half is divided into 3 parts( anterior ,middle and posterior ) according to their position by respective of the heart

67
Q

Describe boundaries of superior mediastinum

A

Superior: thoracic outlet
Inferior:horizontal plane
Anterior: manubrium of sternum
Posterior: upper 4 thoracic vertebrae
Lateral: lungs and pleurae

68
Q

Describe boundaries of anterior mediastinum

A

Superior:horizontal plane
Inferior:diaphragm
Anterior:body and xiphoid of sternum
Posterior:heart
Lateral:lung and pleurae

69
Q

Posterior mediastinum boundaries

A

Superior:horizontal plane
Inferior: diaphragm
Anterior:heart(middle mediastinum)
Posterior:lower 8 thoracic vertebrae
Lateral:lung

70
Q

Thymus gland is found in which mediastinum

A

Superior and anterior

71
Q

Which structure is present in all parts of mediastinum

A

Lymph nodes

72
Q

Phrenic (R+L) nerve is found in

A

Superior and middle mediastinum

73
Q

Heart,pericardium,ascending aorta,SVC,IVC,pulmonary arteries,pulmonary veins,pulmonary trunk,phrenic nerve and lymph nodes are found in

A

Middle mediastinum

74
Q

Vagus nerve is found in

A

Superior and posterior mediastinum

75
Q

Nerves of superior mediastinum

A

(L+R) vagus, phrenic, L recurrent larengeal, cardiac peluxes,upper sympathetic trunk

76
Q

Thoracic duct is found in which mediastinum

A

Superior and posterior

77
Q

Veins of posterior mediastinum

A

Azygos,hemiazygos

78
Q

Where can the stereo-pericardial ligaments can be found in the mediastinum

A

Anterior mediastinum

79
Q

Which part of esophagus is found in the posterior mediastinum

A

Anterior

80
Q

Thoracic duct is located behind

A

Esophagus

81
Q

Nerve innervation of posterior mediastinum

A

Sympathetic trunks and vagus

82
Q

Vein found in superior mediastinum

A

Barchiocephalic ,SVC,upper azygos

83
Q

Arch of aorta is found in which mediastinum

A

Superior

84
Q

Arteries of superior mediastinum

A

Arch of aorta,brachiocephalic,left common carotid,left subclavian

85
Q

Where does thymus lay

A

Between sternum and pericardium

86
Q

What is the mostly anterior structure of mediastinum

A

Thymus gland
* most anterior of superior mediastinum
* can reach the neck

87
Q

Right and left vagus gives parasympathetic intervention for

A

Abdominal +thoracic organs

88
Q

Right and left phrenic nerve innervates for

A

Diaphragm

89
Q

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve arises from

A

Left vagus nerve

90
Q

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve location

A

Neck not superior mediastinum

91
Q

Sympathetic nerves which are considered as extrinsic innervation of heart originates from

A

Upper 4~4 thoracic segments of spinal cord

92
Q

Vagus nerve arises form and gives rise to what

A

Origin: medulla oblongata of brain stem
Branches into: parasympathetic nerves of heart

93
Q

Superficial Cardiac Plexus situated

A

below the arch of aorta.

94
Q

Deep Cardiac Plexus is situated

A

in front of bifurcation of trachea and behind arch of aorta.

95
Q

Where can the right bundle be found

A

Septomarginal trabeculae

Anatomy CVS (3 decks)

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