Systemic Circulation

Question 1

Ascending aorta length and diameter

Answer 1

L 5cm d 3cm
* completely enclosed by pericardium

Question 2

Ascending aorta dimension

Answer 2

begins behind the left half of the sternum in the level of
the lower border of left 3rd costal cartilage, runs upwards and to the right to continue as the arch of aorta at the level of sternal angle.

Question 3

Ascending aorta branches into

Answer 3

Coronary arteries

Question 4

How does the aortic arch run

Answer 4

upward, backward, and to the left as it passes
through the superior mediastinum.

Question 5

Aortic arch ends at

Answer 5

T4/5 (sternal angle)

Question 6

Describe the location of aorta to other structures around them

Answer 6

initially anterior and finally lateral to the trachea.

Question 7

Arch connected to pulmonary trunk through

Answer 7

ligamentum arteriosum (remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus).

Question 8

What branches from aorta

Answer 8

1. The brachiocephalic trunk: ascends
   upwards, backwards, and to the right. Splits
   behind the right sternoclavicular joint into:
    Right common carotid
    Right subclavian arteries
2. Left common carotid artery
3. Left subclavian artery

Question 9

What is
Ligamentum Arteriosum

Answer 9

Is a short fibrous band that connects the bifurcation of pulmonary trunk with inferior surface of arch of the aorta.

Question 10

Ductus arteriosus function in fetus

Answer 10

• It is remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus, that connects the pulmonary trunk with the arch of aorta and allows blood to bypass the lungs during development

Question 11

Portion of descending aorta above diaphragm is called

Answer 11

Thoracic aorta

Question 12

Abdominal aorta start from

Answer 12

Below diaphragm

at the level of the T12 vertebra (aortic hiatus of the diaphragm).

Question 13

Thoracic aorta starts at

Answer 13

lower border of the body of the T4 vertebra
(opposite sternal angle).

Question 14

Where the thoracic aorta can be found in the medistaniu

Answer 14

Posterior medistanium

Question 15

Thoracic aorta becomes abdominal at

Answer 15

When it enters aortic opening (aortic hiatus) of diaphragm
opposite T12 vertebra

Question 16

Branches of thoracic aorta (7)

Answer 16

Bronchial,esophageal,mediastinal,pericardial,posterior intercostal,subcostal,superior phrenic

Question 17

Esophageal arteries number

Answer 17

5

Question 18

Posterior intercostal arteries supply

Answer 18

The 9 pairs supply the lower nine intercostal

Question 19

A structure that may interfere u in surgery that requires cutting of ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 19

Left recurrent nerve ( content of superior mediatinum)

Question 20

Thoracic aorta position to esophagus

Answer 20

Left initially then posterior

Question 21

Subcostal arteries enter the abdominal wall at level of

Answer 21

run along lower border of the twelfth ribs to enter the abdominal wall

Question 22

Superior phrenic arteries distribution

Answer 22

Distributed into the posterior part
of superior surface of diaphragm.
Branches of Thoracic Aorta

Question 23

At L4 vertebra abdominal aorta bifurcate into

Answer 23

Right and Left Common Iliac Arteries.

Question 24

Anterior Branches of Abdominal Aorta and what they supply

Answer 24

 The celiac trunk
 The superior mesenteric
 Inferior mesenteric
They supply gastrointestinal viscera

Question 25

Celiac trunk supplies

Answer 25

*Abdominal esophagus (lower part)
*Stomach
*Duodenum
*liver
*spleen
*pancreas

Question 26

The superior mesenteric supplies

Answer 26

Runs downwards and to the right, and supplies lower half
of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix,
ascending colon, and the proximal two third of
transverse colon.

Question 27

Splenic artery originates from?

Answer 27

Celiac trunk

Question 28

At which level does the celiac trunk divide

Answer 28

L1 vertebrate

Question 29

Sizes of celiac trunk branches

Answer 29

• Left Gastric Artery
  It is the smallest branch.
• Splenic Artery
  It is the largest branch.
• Common Hepatic Artery
  It is intermediate in size.

Question 30

Splenic artery branches supply

Answer 30

pancreas and parts of stomach.

Question 31

Inferior Mesenteric Artery arises from

Answer 31

L3 vertebrae level

Question 32

Inferior Mesenteric Artery supplies

Answer 32

• It supplies the distal third of transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum and upper half of anal canal.