The Heart Flashcards
What are the different surfaces of the heart and what are they made up out of?
Sternocostal/anterior - RV mainly but also RA and LV.
Diaphragmatic/posterior - Mainly LV but also RV.
R pulmonary - RA.
L pulmonary - LV.
What separates the diaphragmatic surface of the heart from the base?
The coronary sinus
Describe what the base of the heart is composed of and its positioning.
- LA, pulmonary veins and some RA.
- Fixed posteriorly to pericardium at level T6-T9 but when supine it is T5-T8.
Where is the position of the apex of the heart?
The left 5th intercostal space, 8-10cm left of the midline (midclavicular line) but in children it is more superior and lateral
Name the margins of the heart and what they are composed of (important)
Right margin - RA.
Left margin - LV and left auricle.
Inferior margin - RV and LV
Name the 3 external sulci
Coronary sulci, Anterior interventricular sulcus and the posterior interventricular sulcus
Name the function of the coronary sulcus and what runs through it
It separates atria frim ventricles. The right coronary artery, left circumflex artery and coronary sinus runs through it.
What runs through the anterior interventricular sulcus?
Anterior interventricular artery and the great cardiac vein (anterior interventricular vein)
What runs through the posterior interventricular sulcus?
Posterior interventricular artery and the middle cardiac vein (posterior interventricular vein)
Name the three septa of the heart
Interartrial septum, Interventricular septum and the atrioventricular septum (from RA to LV)
Where does the right atrium receive blood from?
SVC, IVC (both have no valves), coronary sinus (60%) and the smallest cardiac veins (40%) that open stright into atrium.
What separates the right atrium from the right auricle?
Internally a muscular ridge called crista terminalis but externally it is sulcus terminalis
What is the fossa ovalis? what is its margin called?
It is on the right side of the interatrial septum and is the site of the foramen ovale in fetus. The margin is called limbus fossae ovalis
What is the valve of inferior vena cava?
It directed blood to the foramen ovale from the placenta in fetus. Meaning oxygenated blood bypassed the under developed lungs
What is the function of the valve of coronary sinus?
It prevents regurgitation of blood when the atrium contracts