Obstructive Lung Disease Flashcards
What are the 8 most common lung diseases in 2012?
1) . Asthma
2) . Bronchiectasis
3) . COPD
4) . Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis
5) . Lung Cancer
6) . Mesothelioma
7) . Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)
8) . Sarcoidosis
What is Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis
It is caused by lung tissue becoming thick and stiff and eventually forming scar tissue within the lungs. The scarring, or fibrosis, seems to result from a cycle of damage and healing that occurs in the lungs.
What is Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomas.
On CXR you should collection of lumps around left and right bronchi (white)
(Add picture)
What are the 8 most common lung diseases in 2012 and what type of resp disease is more common?
1) . Asthma (obstructive resp disease)
2) . COPD (obstructive resp disease)
3) . Bronchiectasis
4) . Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)
5) . Sarcoidosis
6) . Lung Cancer
7) . Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis
8) . Mesothelioma
This shows obstructive resp diseases are much more common than restrictive
What is Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis?
It is caused by lung tissue becoming thick and stiff and eventually forming scar tissue within the lungs. The scarring, or fibrosis, seems to result from a cycle of damage and healing that occurs in the lungs.
What is Sarcoidosis?
Sarcoidosis is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomas.
On CXR you should collection of lumps around left and right bronchi (white)
(Add picture)
What are the 3 main cause of respiratory death in the UK in 2012?
1) . Lung Cancer
2) . COPD
3) . Pneumonia (usually the final thing that finishes someone off with other co-morbidities)
Important! - The top 2 are SMOKING related!!!
What are obstructive airway diseases?
- They are common
- Happen insidiously/gradually
- Categorised on the pattern of spirometry (machine used to asses breathing and can be used to diagnose COPD)
- Repeatable
- Monitor the course of disease
- Obstructive lung diseases have a reduced FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and FVC (forced Vital capacity) value when measured
What does FEV1 stand for and what does this mean?
FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second
What does FVC stand for and what does this mean?
FVC (forced Vital capacity)
- After a slow, maximal inspiration
- Forced = exhales as hard and as long as possible
- Vital = total volume in the lungs minus the residual volume
- Capacity = sum of more than one volume (E.g - Residual volume + expiratory reserve volume = the functional residual volume)
What does Poiseuille’s Law tell us if the radius of the airway narrows?
If the radius of an airway narrows the resistance to flow increases significantly because radius to power of 4 and the work of breathing increases significantly, the patient has to work harder, they get breathlessness and dyspnoea.
What is the biological difference in patients with Asthma vs COPD ?
Asthma - has inflammation, swelling, fibrosis and increased mucous production
COPD - has all of the above but we also have a breakdown in the elastic fibres that hold the airways open leading to a reduction in the diameter of airways
What does the FEV1 to FVC ratio fall to for the disease to be considered as an obstructive disease?
In obstructive disease the ratio of FEV1 to FVC falls below 0.7
Ratio varies and FVC falls to a lesser extent than FEV1
What does the FEV1 to FVC ratio fall to for the disease to be considered as an restrictive disease?
In restrictive disease both the FEV1 and FVC decrease but the ratio between the 2 is maintained
What does the FEV1 to FVC ratio fall to for the disease to be considered as an restrictive disease?
In restrictive disease both the FEV1 and FVC decrease but the ratio between the 2 is maintained
