The Heart Flashcards
Where is the heart located?
Heart is found between the fifth and second intercostal space.
Where is the apex found?
The apex is located in the fifth intercostal space of the midclavicular line.
What does the vena cava do?
Bring deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium
What does the aorta do?
Take oxygenated blood to the body
What does the aorta do?
Take oxygenated blood to the body
What are the three layers of the heart?
- Intima
- media
- adventitia
What is the fibrous pericardium?
Layer in the heart that protect heart from any external damage. Ensures heart stays in right place and doesn’t move around.
Serous pericardium?
Innermost layer of the heart. Continuous double layer of serous membrane. Split into parietal and visceral.
What is the myocardium?
Specialised striated cardiac muscle found only in the heart that contracts automatically and is such in mitochondria to supply its high energy needs.
What is the endocardium?
Smooth 1 cell thick membrane that lines the chambers and valves of the heart made of epithelial cells
How does blood get to the lungs?
Blood from vena cava enters right atrium through to right ventricle. Where blood leaves out of pulmonary artery to the lungs to get O2
How does heart pump blood around the body?
Blood from the lungs enters back into the heart through pulmonary veins into left atrium through left ventricle and out the aorta to the body.
What is systole?
When the ventricle contracts
What is diastole?
When the ventricle relaxes
How does the electrical system work?
SAN cells depolarise quickly and set the rate of contraction. This depolarisation spreads through the AVN and into the bundle of His. Purkyne fibres carry activity throughout ventricular myocardium.
What’s the parasympathetic nervous system?
Parasympathetic activity decreases heart rate through release of acetylcholine.
What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
Sympathetic activity increases heart rate through release of noradrenaline which increases the force of contraction.
