The Heart Flashcards
What are the two circulatory systems?
The pulmonary and systemic systems.
What is the name of contraction and relaxation of the ventricles?
Systole and diastole.
Is pulmonary circulation pumped at a high or low pressure?
Low pressure.
Describe the passage of blood from the right ventricle which is deoxygenated and how it returns to the left atrium oxygenated.
Blood leaves the right ventricle through the pulmonary trunk which divides into right and left pulmonary arteries. Oxygenation of the blood occurs in the lungs and the blood returns to the heart through a series of pulmonary veins.
Where does the systemic circulation reach?
All organs of the body apart from the lungs.
What is the origin and termination points of the systemic circulation?
Origin is the left ventricle and the termination is at the right atrium.
Does the systemic circulation occur at high or low pressure and why?
High because it needs to adequately perfuse all the tissues in the human body and the blood has a larger distance to travel from the left to right heart.
What are the three layers of the heart from superficial to deep?
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
What does the epicardium consist of?
A layer of connective tissue which provides a protective layer over the heart.
What is the myocardium and what does it consist of?
The muscular component of the heart wall which consists of monocytes or cardiac muscle cells.
What is the endocardium?
A layer of epithelium and connective tissue which lines the heart and covers the heart valves. It is continuous with the endothelial lining of blood vessels.
