The Health And Regulation Of The GI tract

Question 1

Microbes

Answer 1

Microscopic organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and Protozoa

Question 2

GI microbiota

Answer 2

The collection of microbes found in the GI tract; sometimes called the microflora or gut flora

Question 3

Prebiotics

Answer 3

Food components that are not digested by the human body but are used as food by the GI bacteria to promote their growth and activity

Question 4

Probiotics

Answer 4

Living microorganisms found in foods and dietary supplements that, when consumed in sufficient quantities
, support good health

Question 5

Yogurt

Answer 5

A milk product that results from the fermentation of lactic acid in milk

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

The maintenance of constant internal conditions by the body’s control system

Question 7

Hormones

Answer 7

Chemical messengers. Hormones are secreted by a variety of glands in response to altered conditions in the body

Question 8

Gastrin

Answer 8

A hormone secreted by cells in the stomach wall. Target organ: the glands of the stomach. Response: secretion of gastric acid

Question 9

Secretin

Answer 9

A hormone produced by cells in the duodenum wall. Target organ: the pancreas. Response: secretion of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice

Question 10

Cholecystokinin

Answer 10

A hormone produced by cells of the intestinal wall. Target organ: the gallbladder. Response: release of bile and slowing of GI motility

Question 11

Intestinal ischemia

Answer 11

A diminished blood flow to the intestines that is characterized by abdominal pain, urgent bowl movements, and blood in the stool

Question 12

Abdominal thrusts

Answer 12

A technique for dislodging an object from the trachea of a choking person

Question 13

Celiac disease

Answer 13

An intestinal disorder in which the inability to absorb gluten results in an immune re spouse that damages intestinal cells

Question 14

Colitis

Answer 14

Inflammation of the colon

Question 15

Larynx

Answer 15

The entryway to the trachea that contains the vocal cords

Question 16

Enema

Answer 16

Solution inserted into the rectum and colon to stimulate a bowel movement and empty the lower large intestine

Question 17

Constipation

Answer 17

The condition of having infrequent if difficult bowel movements

Question 18

Peptic ulcer

Answer 18

A lesion in the mucous membrane of either the stomach or the duodenum

Question 19

Ulcer

Answer 19

A lesion of the skin or mucous membranes characterized by inflammation and damaged tissues

Question 20

Vomiting

Answer 20

Expulsion of the contents of the stomach up through the esophagus to the mouth

Question 21

Irritable bowel syndrome

Answer 21

An intestinal disorder of unknown cause

Question 22

Gluten

Answer 22

Proteins in grains that give dough its elastic texture; in people with celiac disease, gluten damages the small intestine

Question 23

Diarrhea

Answer 23

The frequent passage of watery bowel movemets

Question 24

Gastroesophageal reflux

Answer 24

The back flow of the stomach acid into the esophagus, causing pain and damage to its lining, commonly know as heartburn

Question 25

Belching

Answer 25

The release of air or gas from the stomach through the mouth

Question 26

Antacids

Answer 26

Medications used to relieve indigestion by neutralizing acid in the stomach

Question 27

Flatulence

Answer 27

Passage of excessive amounts of intestinal gas

Question 28

FODMAP

Answer 28

A collective term used to describe fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols that are commonly found in such foods as wheat, onions, some fruits and vegetables etc